Anatomy of heart

Question 1

Where does coronary sinus bring blood to right atrium from

Answer 1

From the cardiac muscle itself

Question 2

What is Crista terminalis

Answer 2

Ridge on inside between atrium and right auricle
From SVC to IVC
Posterior to the wall is smooth

Question 3

Fossa ovale

Answer 3

Marks location of embryonic foramen ovale, which allowed blood to bypass the lungs in feral circulation

Question 4

Atrioventricular orifice

Answer 4

Communication with ventricle

Closed by tricuspid valve

Question 5

Musculi pectinati

Answer 5

Anterior to crista terminalis, the walls are roughened by bundles of muscle fibres

Question 6

Right auricle

Answer 6

Ear-like, conical, muscular pouch overlapping the aorta

Question 7

In what direction does blood flow from right atrium to right ventricle

Answer 7

Horizontal and anterior direction

Question 8

Conus arteriosus

Answer 8

Outflow tract which leads to the pulmonary trunk

Question 9

How do is tricuspid valve formed

Answer 9

Formed by a fold of endocardium and connective tissue

Question 10

Trabeculae carnae

Answer 10

Muscular, irregular structures

A few trabeculae carnae are known as papillary muscles

Question 11

What are the importance of papillary muscles

Answer 11

When ventricle contracts, papillary muscles contract preventing the cusps from turning inside out into the atrium as inta-ventricular pressure rises

Question 12

3 papillary muscles

Answer 12

Anterior - largest
Posterior - may consist of 1-3 structures
Septal - inconsistent (small or absent)

Question 13

Septomarginal trabecula

Answer 13

Bridge between lower interventricular septum and base of anterior papillary muscle
Carries a portion f the cardiac conduction system to anterior wall of right ventricle

Question 14

From how many pulmonary veins does blood enter the left atrium

Answer 14

4

Question 15

Surfaces of left ventricle

Answer 15

Anterior, diaphragmatic, left pulmonary surfaces and apex

Question 16

What is the aortic vestibule guarded by

Answer 16

Aortic valve

Question 17

What is the cardiac skeleton

Answer 17

Collection of dense, fibrous tissue in the form of four rings which interconnect in a plane between the atria and ventricles

Question 18

What’s does the cardiac skeleton do

Answer 18

Helps maintain integrity of openings and provides attachments for cusps
Separates muscular wall of atria from ventricles p, as well as electrically isolating the ventricles

Question 19

Locus of superior vena cava

Answer 19

Inferior half within pericardial sac

Passes through fibrous pericardium at CC2 and enters right atrium

Question 20

Locus of inferior veins cava

Answer 20

Passes through diaphragm at T8 and enter fibrous pericardium

Short portion within the pericardial sac before entering right atrium

Question 21

What two portions is the chest cavity divided into

Answer 21

Mediastinum

Lateral pleura and lungs

Question 22

Subdivisions of mediastinum

Answer 22

Superior mediastinum 
Inferior mediastinum 
Anterior mediastinum 
Posterior mediastinum 
Middle mediastinum

Question 23

What is pericardium

Answer 23

Fibro-serous sac that encloses the heart and the roots f the great vessels

Question 24

Functions of pericardium

Answer 24

Restrict excessive movement of the heart as whole

Serve as a lubricant container on which the different parts of the heart can contract

Question 25

What are the walls of heart composed of

Answer 25

Wall are composed of cardiac muscle
Covered externally with a serous pericardium
Lined internally with layer of endothelium

Question 26

How are muscle fibres arrsndged

Answer 26

Whorls and spirals

Question 27

What are cardiocytes connected by

Answer 27

Connected by intercalated discs
Forming a cardiac syncytium to enable transmission of electrical impulses through the network and coordinate contraction of the myocardium