Gross anatomy of the vertebral column and skull Flashcards
What is the neonatal and adult face to cranium ratio
The neonatal face to cranium size ratio is ~ 1:8
The adult face to cranium ratio is ~ 1:1
When do the two fontanell’s close by
Anterior fontanell - 18 months
Posterior fontanelle - end of 1st year
When does the mastoid process form
In response tot he pul of the sternocleidomastoid muscle when the child moves their head
How does the mandible form
Two dentaries fuse at the symphysis menti by end of year 1
Between what two bones will you find the capsular
neck of the mandible and the temporal bone
Between what two bones will you find the lateral ligament
Inferior zygomatic arch to the back of the mandible
What is the orbicularis oris
Orbicularis oris is the sphincter around the mouth and forms the greater part of the substance of the lips
What is the buccinator and it’s attachements
Buccinator forms the greater part of the cheek. attached to the pterygomandibular raphe and the outer surfaces of the maxillae and mandible adjacent to the last molar tooth
What is the Platysma and it’s relations
Platysma is a broad flat sheet of muscle lying in the superficial fascia on each side of the neck. Superiorly - the mandible; inferiorly - the superficial fascia over the upper part of the chest.
Which vertebrae are atypical
The first, second, and seventh cervical vertebrae and the 1st, 10th, 11th, and 12th thoracic vertebrae are atypical
What is atypical about the cervical vertebrae
The first cervical vertebra, or atlas, does not possess a body or a spinous process - anterior and posterior arches - a lateral mass
The second cervical vertebra, or axis, has a peg like odontoid process (dens)
The seventh cervical vertebra, or vertebra prominens
What is atypical about the thoracic vertebrae
The T1 vertebra has a full costal facet (instead of a superior demifacet)
The T11 and T12 vertebrae each have full costal facets (located mainly
How does mastication occur
Protrusion by the two lateral pterygoids acting together
Retraction by the posterior fibres of temporalis
Grinding movements by alternating protrusion and retraction of the two sides.
ABout what axis does elevation ad depression occur
Depression occurs about an axis passing through the mandibular lingula
Elevation, around the same axis
What compartments does gliding and hinge movement occur in
Gliding occurs in the upper compartment
Hinge movement occurs in the lower compartment
