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Anatomy YR1 > Anatomy of Upper Respiratory system > Flashcards

Anatomy of Upper Respiratory system Flashcards

1
Q

What are the nares

A

external opening to outside

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2
Q

what are the choanae

A

posterior opening to nasopharynx

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3
Q

what bones are the external nose supported by

A

Maxilla and nasal bones

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4
Q

What cartilages make up the external nose

A

Septal
Lateral processes
Major alar
Minor alar

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5
Q

What makes up the nasal septum

A

Septal cartilage
Perpendicular plate of ethmoid
Vomer

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6
Q

What are the three nasal regions

A

Vestibule
Respiratory
Olfactory

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7
Q

Describe the vestibule region

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

constant abrasion

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8
Q

Describe the respiratory region

A

Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Found in the upper respiratory tract where cilia collect foreign molecules

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9
Q

Describe the olfactory region

A

Specialised epithelium

Sense of smell

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10
Q

3 types of cells containing respiratory epithelium

A

Ciliated cells
Goblet cells
Basal cells

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11
Q

What are basal cells

A

Stem cells, have the ability to differentiate and respond to injury

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12
Q

What is the role of goblet cells

A

Mucous production

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13
Q

What is the medial wall of the nose made up off

A

Anteriorly - septal cartilage

Posteriorly - vomer and ethmoid

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14
Q

What is the floor of the nose made up off

A

Anteriorly - palatine process of maxilla

Posteriorly - horizontal plate of palatine

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15
Q

What is the roof made up off

A

Anteriorly - nasal and frontal bones

Posteriorly - ethmoid and sphenoid bones

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16
Q

What is the lateral wall of the nose made up off

A

Ant: lacrimal and maxilla
Mid: ethmoid and inf. concha
Post: Palatine and sphenoid

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17
Q

Which two nasal conchae are part of the ethmoid bone

A

Superior and Middle

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18
Q

What is the role of nasal concha

A

forcing inhaled air to flow in a steady, regular pattern around the largest possible surface area of nasal mucosa to clean and warm air for lungs

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19
Q

4 air channels in the nose

A

Inferior nasal meatus
Middle nasal meatus
Superior nasal meatus
Spheno-ethmoidal recess

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20
Q

What are the 4 paranasal sinuses

A

Frontal
Ethmoidal
Maxillary
Sphenoidal

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21
Q

What are the paranasal sinuses lined with

A

Respiratory epithelium

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22
Q

What are the paranasal sinuses innervated with

A

Trigeminal (V)

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23
Q

What blood vessel supplies the paranasal sinuses

A

Ophthalmic artery

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24
Q

What are the three branches of trigeminal nerve

A

Ophthalmic (V1)
Maxillary (V2)
Mandibular (V3)

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25
Q

V1

Exit from the brain / on to face

A

Superior orbital fissure

Supra orbital foramen

26
Q

V2

Exit from the brain / on to face

A

Foramen rotundum

Infraorbital foramen

27
Q

V3

Exit from the brain / on to face

A

Foramen ovale

mental foramen

28
Q

Where does the frontal sinus drain into

A

Drains into the lateral wall of the middle meatus via the frontonasal duct that continues down the ethmoidal infundibulum and hiatus semilunaris down the oesophagus

29
Q

Where does the anterior ethmoidal sinus drain into

A

Open into the frontonasal duct - middle meatus

30
Q

Where does the middle ethmoid cells drain into

A

open onto the ethmoidal bulla - middle meatus

31
Q

Where does the posterior ethmoid cells open onto

A

Open onto the lateral wall of the superior meatus

32
Q

Where does the sphenoidal sinus drain into

A

into the spheno-ethmoidal recess

33
Q

where does the maxillary sinus drain onto

A

lateral wall of the nasal cavity

34
Q

What are the frontal sinuses innervated by

A

Supraorbital nerve (Frontal-V1)

35
Q

What are the ethmoidal sinuses innervated by

A

Ant. ethmoidal
Post. ethmoidal
(both nasociliary - V1)

36
Q

What are the sphenoidal sinuses innervated by

A

Post. Ethmoidal (nasociliary V1)

37
Q

What are the maxillary sinuses innervated by

A

Infraorbital and alveolar (V2)

38
Q

Largest vessel supplying the nasal cavity

A

Sphenopalatine a.

39
Q

What is the sphenopalatine a. a terminal branch of

A

maxillary a.

40
Q

With what arteries does the sphenopalatine a. anastomose with anteriorly

A

Anterior and posterior ethmoidal

41
Q

What contributes to blood supply of medial wall

A

posterior septal branches of the sphenopalatine artery

42
Q

Nerves that innervate the nasal cavity

A

Olfactory
Ophthalmic
Maxillary

43
Q

What is the pharynx

A

Passageway from oral and nasal cavities to the oesophagus. Serves both digestive and respiratory functions

44
Q

3 divisions of pharynx

A

Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx

45
Q

where does the nasopharynx start and end

A

choanae to soft palate

46
Q

Where is the oropharynx

A

lies behind the oral cavity, extending from the uvula to the tip of epiglottis

47
Q

where does the laryngopharynx lie

A

lies inferior to the epiglottis to cricoid cartilage

48
Q

What is the larynx

A

superior portion of the respiratory tract
Continuous inferiorly with trachea
anterior to laryngopharynx

49
Q

Function of larynx

A

Sound production
respiration
Valve to close respiratory tract off from the pharynx

50
Q

What is the larynx composed of

A 
Hyoid bone 
Thyroid cartilage
Cricoid cartilage
Epiglottis cartilage
Arytenoid cartilages (2)
51
Q

Describe the thyroid cartilage

A

Largest unpaired laryngeal cartilage
Lamina - right and left
Fuse anteriorly at laryngeal prominence

52
Q

What is the epiglottis

A

Cartilaginous flap in the neck that covers the laryngeal inlet upon swallowing

53
Q

What are the extrinsic ligaments

A

Thyrohyoid membrane

Cricotracheal ligament

54
Q

What is the cricothyroid ligament

A

Intrinsic ligament

attaches at the cricoid and extends superiorly to the thyroid cartilage and postiroirly to the arytenoid cartilages

55
Q

What are the false vocal cords

A

Vestibular folds

56
Q

What re the true vocal cords

A

vocal fold

57
Q

what is the rima vestibuli

A

opening between 2 adjacent vestibular folds

58
Q

what is the rima glottidis

A

Opening between the 2 adjacent vocal folds

59
Q

Where does the superior laryngeal nerve originate

A

Originates from the vagus nerve

60
Q

Where are the sensory innervations to the larynx

A

Above vocal folds - internal laryngeal

Below vocal folds - Recurrent laryngeal nerve

Anatomy YR1 (29 decks)

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