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Anatomy YR1 > Anatomy of Upper Limb > Flashcards

Anatomy of Upper Limb Flashcards

1
Q

What does pectoral gridle consist of

A

Clavicle and Scapula

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2
Q

3 Segments of upper limb

A

Arm proper
Forearm
Hand

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3
Q

What bones do you find in your hand

A

8 carpal bones in the hand
5 metacarpals in the palm
14 phalanges in the digits

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4
Q

Bones of forearm and arm proper

A

Forearm - radius nad ulna

Arm proper - humerus

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5
Q

Articulation of clavicle

A

Articulates laterally with the acromion of the scapula = acromioclavicular joint
Articulates medially with the manubrium of the sternum and 1st rib = sternoclavicular joint

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6
Q

3 processes of the scapula

A

Acromian
Coracoid Process
Spine

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7
Q

What is ths spinous process of scapula divided into

A

Supraspinous fossa

Intraspinous fossa

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8
Q

How does scapula articulate with head of humerus

A

Glanoid cavity - forms the glenohumeral joint

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9
Q

Components of proximal end of humerus

A

Greater and lesser tubercle
Head
Neck
Shaft

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10
Q

What is the glenohumeral joint

A

Ball and socket joint
Synovial
Multi-axial

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11
Q

Ligaments and tendons of the sholder joint

A 
Coracohumeral ligament
Glenohumeral ligament
Transverse humeral ligament
Tendom of long head of biceps
Rotator cuff muscles and their tendons
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12
Q

Whic parts of the distal humerous articulate with the radius and the ulnar

A

Capitulum: articulates with the head of the radius

Trochlear – pulley shaped structure, articulates with ulnar

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13
Q

What is the coronoid fossa and its function

A

Just superior to trochlear = the coronoid fossa.

When the elbow is flexed, a bony process on the ulnar will move into this fossa.

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14
Q

What are the medial ad lateral epicondyles

A

sites of attachment for muscles and ligaments around the elbow joint

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15
Q

What is located posteriorly on the distal humerus and what is its function

A
  • Olecranon fossa which will house the olecranon process of the ulnar during extension of the elbow
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16
Q

What are the three articulations of the elbw joiunt

A

Humerus and ulnar
Humerus and radius
Radius and ulnar

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17
Q

Where does pronation and supination of the forearm occur

A

Proximal radioulnar joint

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18
Q

What ligament supports flexion and extension

A

collateral ligaments

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19
Q

How does pronation and supination occur

A

Distally the ulnar notch of the radius slides anteriorly over the convex surface of the head of the ulna

Bones held together during this movement by the interosseous membrane

The articular disc at the distal radio-ulnar joint

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20
Q

Which side of the wrist articulation os convex and concave

A

Distal end of the radius and the articular disc overlying the distal end of the ulna
Concave

Scaphoid, lunate and triquetrum
Convex

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21
Q

What is the axilla

A

Gateway to the upper limb – between the neck and arm
Irregular shaped pyramidal shaped space that has
-An inlet/apex that is continuous with the neck
-Skin of the armpit forms the floor
All major structures passing into and out of the upper limb pass through the axilla

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22
Q

What is the cubital fossa

A

Triangular shaped depression formed by muscles anterior to the elbow joint
A major blood vessel and a major nerve pass through this region, passing from the arm to the forearm

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23
Q

What is the carpal tunnel

A

Gateway to the palm of the hand
Formed by the carpal bones and a thick band of connective tissue
Important nerve and all the long flexor tendons from the forearm to the digits pass through

24
Q

Muscles of the rotator cuff

A

Subscapularis
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor

25
Q

Attachment and function of deltoid

A

Attaches the scapula and clavicle to the humerus
Abductor of the arm (beyond the initial 15° carried out by supraspinatus)
Anterior fibres assist arm flexion
Posterior fibres assist arm extension

26
Q

Attachment and funciton of the trapezius

A

Attaches the scapula and clavicle to the trunk
Elevates the scapula
Rotates the scapula allowing full abduction of the upper arm

27
Q

What is the function of lavator scapulae, rhomboid minor and thomboid major

A

Levator scapulae
Elevates the scapula

Rhomboid minor & rhomboid major
Elevates and retract the scapula

28
Q

Muscles of the pectoral region and their function

A

Clavicular head - Flex the arm from an extended position
Sternocostal head - Extend the arm from a flexed position
Pectoralis major - Adducts arm, Medially rotates humerus
Pectoralis minor- Depression of scapula
Serratus anterior - Rotation of scapula and protraction of the scapula
Subcalvius - stabilised the calvicle

29
Q

Function of subscapularis

A

Medial rotation

of humerus

30
Q

Function of teres major

A

Medial rotation and extension of arm

31
Q

Function of latissimus dorsi

A

Adduction, medial rotation and extension of arm

32
Q

Functions of biceps brachii

A

Flexor and supinator of the forearm, weak flexor of humerus

33
Q

Brachialis function

A

Flexor of forearm

34
Q

Function of coracobrachialis

A

Flexor and adductor of humerus

35
Q

Function of triceps brachii

A

Extensor of the forearm at the elbow joint

Also extension of the arm at the shoulder joint and can assist adduction of the arm

36
Q

What is the anterior compartment of the forearm innervated by

A

All innervated by the median nerve
Except for 2 muscles that are innervated by the ulnar nerve:
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Medial half of flexor digitorum profundus

37
Q

Superficial muscle layer of anterior forearm and their functions

A

Flexi carpi ulnaris

  • Strong wrist flexor
  • Adductor of the wrist

Palmaris longus

  • Wrist flexor
  • Role in gripping

Flexor carpi radialis

  • Powerful wrist flexor
  • Abductor of the wrist

Pronator teres
-Pronation

38
Q

Muscles of Intermediate layer of ant. forearm and their function

A

Flexor digitorum superficialis

  • Wrist flexor
  • Flexes the fingers
    - Metacarpophalangeal joints
    - Proximal interphalangeal joints
39
Q

Muscles of deep layer of anterior forearm

A

Flexor digitorum profundus

  • Wrist flexor
  • Flexes the fingers
    - Distal and proximal interphalangeal joints
    - Metacarpophalangeal joints

Flexor pollicis longus
-Flexor of the thumb

Pronator quadratus
-Pronation

40
Q

What innervates the posterior compartemnt of forearm

A

All innervated by the radial nerve (or branches of it)

41
Q

Superficial Muscle layer of posterior forearm

A

Brachioradialis
Accessory flexor of the elbow
Most efficient in the mid-pronated position

Extensor carpi radialis longus
Extends the wrist
Abducts the wrist

Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Extends the wrist
Abducts the wrist

Extensor digitorum
Extends the fingers
Can extend the wrist

Extensor digiti minimi
Extends the little finger

Extensor carpi ulnaris
Extends the wrist
Adducts the wrist

Anconeus
Accessory extensor of elbow
Abducts ulnar during pronation

42
Q

Muscles of the deep layer of the psoterior forearm

A

Supinator
-Supination

Abductor pollicis longus

  • Abduct the thumb
  • Accessory extensor of the thumb

Extensor pollicis brevis

  • Extends the thumb
    - Metacarpophalangeal joint
    - Carpometacarpal joint

Extensor pollicis longus

  • Extends the thumb
    - Interphalangeal joint
    - Metacarpophalangeal joint
    - Carpometacarpal joint

Extensor indicis
-Extends the index finger

43
Q

What restricts movement of the metacarpals and fingers

A

2nd – 4th metacarpophalangeal joints are joined by deep transverse ligaments that restrict movement of the metacarpals and fingers.

44
Q

What is the function of the palmasris brevis

A

Improves grip​

​

45
Q

What are the interossei muscles

A

Dorsal interossei x4​
Abductors of fingers​

Palmar interossei x3/4​
Adductors of fingers​
Contribute to extension and flexion of the fingers​

​

46
Q

What is the function of lumbricals

A

Lumbricals x 4​
Flex metacarpophalangeal joints​
Extend interphalangeal joints​

​

47
Q

Function of the adductir poillicis

A

Powerful adductor of the thumb​

Opposes thumb during gripping​

​

48
Q

What are the thenar muscles and what are their functions

A

Opponens pollicis​
Thumb opposition, specifically medial rotation of thumb​

​

Abductor pollicis brevis​
Abducts the thumb​

​

Flexor pollicis brevis​
Flexes the thumb​

​

49
Q

What are the hypothenar msucles and their functions

A

Opponens digiti minimi​
Opposition of the little finger, specifically by lateral rotation of metacarpal 5​

​

​Abductor digiti minimi​
Principle abductor of the little finger​

​

​Flexor digiti minimi brevis​
Flexes the little finger​

​

50
Q

What provides innervation to the hands

A

Supplied by the ulnar, median and radial nerves​

Ulnar nerve innervates all the intrinsic muscles of the hand , except for the 3 thenar muscles and two most lateral lumbricals which are supplied by the median nerve​

51
Q

What is the purpose of the musculocutaneous nerve

A

Motor to all muscles in the anterior compartment of the arm​

52
Q

Purpose of median nerve

A

Motor to :

-All muscles in the anterior compartment of the forearm​
-Except flexor carpi ulnaris and medial half
of flexor digitorum profundus​

​-Three thenar muscles and two most lateral lumbricals​

​

53
Q

puspose of ulnar nerve

A

Motor to: ​

-Flexor carpi ulnaris and medial half of flexor digitorum profundus in the anterior compartment of the forearm​

​-All intrinsic muscles of the hand​
-Except three thenar muscles and two
most lateral lumbricals​

54
Q

Prpose of axillary nerve

A

Motor to deltoid and teres minor ​

55
Q

Purpose of radial nerve

A

Motor to all muscles in the posterior compartment of the arm and forearm​

Anatomy YR1 (29 decks)

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