Anatomy of Lower Respiratory System Flashcards
What does the thoracic inlet contain
Apex of the lungs and pleura covering
Oesophagus
Trachea
Common carotid and subclavian arteries
Internal Jugular and subclavian veins into brachoiocephalic veins
Nerves: phrenic, vagus, recurrent laryngeal and sympathetic trunk
Where does the phrenic nerve run from
Runs lateral to ant. Scalene m.
Between the subclavian artery and vein
Lateral aspect of heart
What does the phrenic nerve innervate
Diaphragm, pericardium and pleura
Is the diaphragm, pericardium and pleura innervations by the phrenic nerve motor sensory
diaphragm is both whereas the pericardium and pleura innervations are sensory
What two divisions does the vagus nerve give off
superior laryngeal and recurrent laryngeal
Where does the trachea commence
lower bridge of larynx - cricoid cartilage
Where is the trachea found in the neck
Anterior to oesophagus
Lies within a visceral compartment of the neck surround by a pre-tracheal layer of fascia
Where does the trachea bifurcate
T5
divides into right and left bronchi
Describe the structure of the trachea
Mobile cartilaginous and membranous tube
11cm long and 2.5 cm diameter
Fibroelastic tube kept patent by U-shaped bars of hyaline cartilage
Posterior free ends connected by smooth muscle - trachealis
When does trachea divide into principle bronchi
At sternum angle (T4/T5)
Describe the difference in structures of the two bronchi
Right main bronchus is wider and shorter
Left main bronchus is narrower, longer and more horizontal
How does the bronchial tree form
Bronchi divide dichotomously, giving rise to several million terminal bronchioles that terminate in one or more respiratory bronchioles
Each respiratory bronchiole divides into 2-11 alveolar ducts that enter alveolar sacs
What is the root of the lung consistent of
Short, tubular collection of structures attaching the lung to the mediastinum
What is present within each root in the hilum of the lung
Pulmonary artery Pulmonary veins Main bronchus Bronchial vessels Nerves and lymphatics
What is the hilum of the lung covered by
Sleeve of mediastinal pleura that reflects onto the surface of the lungs
What is the pulmonary ligament and what is it’s function
Fold of pleura that projects inferiorly from root of the lung
Stabilise inferior lobe
Permit movement during respiration
Name the lobes and fissures of the right lung
Superior lobe Middle lobe Inferior lobe Horizontal fissure Oblique fissure
Name the lobes and fissures of left lung
Superior lobe
Inferior lobe
Oblique fissure
Name the surfaces of the lung
Apex Costal surfaces Base Mediastinal surface Cardiac notch (left lung only) Lingula (left lung only)
How many segments present in each lung
10 in right lung
8-10 in left lung
What two regions combine two segments in left lung
Apical and posterior combine to form apicoposterior
Anterior and medial base combine to form the anteromedial base
Unique features of right lung
Larger and heavier than the left lung, shorter and wider
Unique features of left lung
Superior lobe characterised by the lingua and a deep cardiac notch
