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Anatomy YR1 > Gross Anatomy of the GI 1 > Flashcards

Gross Anatomy of the GI 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What 2 lines divide the abdominal regions into it’s 4 quadrants

A

Median line and transumbilical line

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2
Q

What lines divide the abdominal region into 9 regions

A

2x midclavicular lines
Subcostal line
Transtubercular line

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3
Q

What are the 9 abdominal regions

A 
Right and left hypochondriac
Epigastric
Right and left lumbar
Umbilical
Right and left inguinal
Hypogastric (or pubic)
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4
Q

What are the skeletal components of the abdominal wall

A 
5x lumbar vertebrae + vertebral discs
Expanded part of pelvic bone
Inferior thoracic wall
-Costal margin
-Xiphoid process
-Rib 12
-End of rib 11
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5
Q

What are the muscular components of abdomen wall

A

Posteriorly

  • quadratus lumborum
  • Psoas major
  • iliacus

Laterally - 3 layers of muscle

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6
Q

Wha is the superficial layer of the abdominal wall made of

A

Fatty layer

Membranous layer

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7
Q

What is the muscular layer of the abdominal wall made up of

A

External oblique
Internal oblique
Transversus abdominis
Rectus abdominis

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8
Q

What is the rectus sheath

A

Aponeurotic tendinous sheath that encloses rectus abdominis muscle
Formed from aponeuroses of external oblique, internal oblique and transversus abdominis

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9
Q

Function of external oblique

A

Compress abdominal contents; both muscles flex trunk; each muscle bends trunk to same side, turning anterior part of abdomen to opposite side

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10
Q

Function of Internal oblique

A

Compress abdominal contents
Both muscles flex trunk
each muscle bends trunk and turns anterior part of abdomen to same side

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11
Q

Function of Transversus abdominis

A

Compress abdominal contens

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12
Q

Function of rectus abdominis

A

Compress abdominal contents
Flex vertebral column
Tense abdominal wall

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13
Q

Function of Pyramidalis

A

Tenses the linea alba

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14
Q

Functions of abdominal wall

A

Help maintain the position of abdominal viscera
Breathing (relaxes during inspiration, contracts during expiration)
Increase intrabdominal pressure

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15
Q

What is the peritoneum

A

A thin serous membrane lining of the abdominal and pelvic cavities

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16
Q

What are the two parts of peritoneum

A

Parietal peritoneum - lines wall of the abdominal and pelvic cavities
Visceral peritoneum - Lines the organs

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17
Q

What is the peritoneal cavity

A

Potential space
Closed cavity in males
Communication with the exterior via the vagina, uterus and uterine tubes females

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18
Q

What is intraperitoneal

A

When an organ is completely covered with visceral peritoneum

organs are attached to each other or to the abdominal wall by peritoneal folds

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19
Q

What is the retroperitoneal

A

When an organ lies behind the peritoneum, only partially covered

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20
Q

What are mesenteries

A

Thin sheets of tissue that suspend gut tube from the posterior abdominal wall and part of the anterior abdominal wall

21
Q

What are the large vessels, nerves and lymph associated with

A

Posterior abdominal wall along media axis and dorsal mesentery

22
Q

Where is the liver found

A

Predominantly in the right hypochondriac and epigastric region but also extends into left hypochondriac region

23
Q

Explain the diaphragmatic surface of liver

A

Anterior, superior, posterior
Smooth and domed
Against inferior surface of diaphragm

24
Q

Explain the visceral surface of liver

A

Inferior
concave in shape
In contact with other organs

25
Q

What are the 4 lobes of the liver

A

Right lobe
Left lobe
Caudate lobe
Quadrate lobe

26
Q

Where do the caudate and quadrate lobes rise and function from

A

Anatomical rise from right lobe

functionally relate to left lobe

27
Q

What are the ligaments found in the liver

A

Coronary ligament

Triangular ligament

28
Q

What structures is the visceral layer of the liver related to

A 
Oesophagus
Stomach
Duodenum
Lesser omentum
Gallbladder
Right colic flexure and transverse colon
Right kidney and suprarenal gland
Inferior vena cava
29
Q

What is the porta hepatis

A

Entry point for hepatic arteries and portal vein

Exit point from the hepatic ducts

30
Q

What is the gall bladder

A

Pear shaped sac
Visceral surface of liver on right lobe
Lies between right lobe and quadrate lobe
Receives, concentrates and stores bile from the liver

31
Q

What are the main parts of the gall bladder

A

Fundus
Body
Neck

32
Q

How is the biliary tree formed

A

Right and left hepatic duct join to form common hepatic duct
This then joins with the cystic duct and forms the bile duct
Bile duct joins with the main pancreatic duct

33
Q

Where is the pancreas found

A

Posterior to stomach

Lies across the posterior abdominal wall from duodeum on right to spleen on left

34
Q

How is the hepatopancreatic ampulla formed

A

Main pancreatic duct joins the bile duct

35
Q

What is the hepatopancreatic ampulla

A

Major duodenal papilla

36
Q

What is the accessory pancreatic duct

A

Minor duodenal papilla

37
Q

Describe what the oral cavity is made up of

A 
Anterior opening = oral fissure
Lateral walls = cheeks
Roof = hard palate, soft palate
Floor = tongue, muscular sling
Posterior aperture = oropharyngeal isthmus, opens into oral part of pharynx
38
Q

Describe what the oral cavity is made up of

A 
Anterior opening = oral fissure
Lateral walls = cheeks
Roof = hard palate, soft palate
Floor = tongue, muscular sling
Posterior aperture = oropharyngeal isthmus, opens into oral part of pharynx
Contains dental arches
Contains uvula
39
Q

Describe the gross anatomy of the tongue

A

Anterior 2/3 of oral cavity sits on floor of oral cavity
Posterior 1/3 forms anterior wall of oropharynx
Root attached to mandible and hyoid

40
Q

What is the terminal sulcus

A

V-shaped
Separates anterior and posterior parts of the tongue
Foramen caecum

41
Q

What are the msucles of the tongue

A

Median septum
Intrinsic muscles
Extrinsic muscles

42
Q

What are the 4 extrinsic muscles

A

Palatoglossus
Styloglossus
Hypoglossus
Genioglossus

43
Q

What are the muscles of the tongue innervated by

A

Hypoglossal nerve except for palatoglossus (innervated by vagus nerve)

44
Q

What are salivary glands

A

Glands that open or secrete into the oral cavity

Small glands in the mucosa or sub-mucosa of the oral epithelium lining the tongue, palate, cheeks, lips

45
Q

Features to note for nasopharynx

A

Has opening of the pharyngotympanic tube

Pharyngeal tonsil

46
Q

Features to note for the oropharynx

A

Pharyngeal part of the tongue - Lingual tonsils

Palatine tonsils

47
Q

What is the oesophagus

A

Muscular tube that expands with food bolus
Begins in the laryngopharynx at C6 and extends down to T11
2 layers of muscle for peristalsis
20-40 cm long and 1-2 cm wide

48
Q

How does the oesophagus enter the stomach

A

Passes thorugh the abdominal hiatus of the diaphragm the through the lower oesphageal sphinter at level T11

49
Q

3 portions of oesophagus

A

Cervical - cricoid (C5/6) to sternal notch
Thoracic - thoracic aperture (T1) to oesophageal hiatus (T10)
Abdominal - Oesophageal hiatus to stomach

Anatomy YR1 (29 decks)

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