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Anatomy YR1 > The visual system > Flashcards

The visual system Flashcards

1
Q

Where does the eyeball sit in

A

Bony orbit

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2
Q

What three parts can the eyeball be divided into

A

fibrous
vascular
inner

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3
Q

What three parts can the eyeball be divided into

A

fibrous
vascular
inner

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4
Q

What is the outer most layer of eye

A

Fibrous layer

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5
Q

What is the function of fibrous layer

A

Provide shape to the yee and support deeper sturcutresa

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6
Q

What is the sclera

A

Majority of the fibrous layer

provides attachment for the extraocular muscles

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7
Q

What is the cornea

A

Transparent and centrally position part of fibrous layer

Light entering the eye is refracted by the cornea

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8
Q

What is the vascular layer made up of

A

Choroid
Ciliary body
Iris

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9
Q

What is the choroid

A

Connective tissue and blood vessels

Provides nourishment to the outer layer of the retina

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10
Q

What is the ciliary body

A

Comprised of the ciliary muscle and ciliary processes

Controls the shape of the lens and contributes to the formation of aqueous humor

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11
Q

What are the ciliary muscles

A

Collection of smooth muscle fibres, which are attached to the lens by ciliary processes

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12
Q

What is the iris

A

Circular structure with an aperture in the centre

Pupil diameter is altered by smooth muscle fibres within the iris, innervated by the autonomic nervous system

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13
Q

What is the macula

A

In the macula Yellowish layer that contains fovea, which contains high concentration of light detetcing cells
Responsible for high acuity vision

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14
Q

What is the lens

A

Located anteriorly between the virtous humor and the pupil

Shape of the lens is altered by ciliary body, altering its refracting power

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15
Q

What are the anterior and posterior chambers

A

areas filled with aqueous humor
Anterior chamber located between iris and cornea
Posterior chamber between iris and ciliary processes

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16
Q

What is the aqueous humor

A

Clear plasma like fluid that nourishes and protects the eye

Porudced constantly and drain via the trabecular meshwork

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17
Q

what is the trabecular meshwork

A

Area of tissue at the base of the cornea

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18
Q

What is elevation and depression

A

Elevation is movement of eyeball superiorly

Depression is movement of eyeball inferiorly

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19
Q

What is abduction and adduction of eyeball

A

Abduction - lateral movement of eyeball

Adduction - medial movement of eyeball

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20
Q

What are the 7 extrinsic muscles of the eye

A 
Superior rectus
inferior rectus
medial rectus
lateral rectus
superior oblique
Inferior oblique
Levator palpebrae superioris muscle
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21
Q

What is the only extrinsic muscle that acts on the eyelid

A

Levator palpebrae superioris

22
Q

Attachments of the Levator palpebrae superioris

A

Originates from the lesser wing of the sphenoid bone, immediately above the optic foramen
Attaches to the superior tarsal plate of the upper eyelid

23
Q

What innervates the Levator palpebrae superioris

A

Oculomotor nerve

24
Q

Where do the four recti muscles originate from

A

Common tendinous ring

25
Q

Attachment of superior rectus

A

Originates from the superior part of the common tendinous ring and attaches to the superior and anterior aspect of the sclera

26
Q

Action of superior rectus

A

Elevation

also contributes to adduction and medial rotation of the eyeball

27
Q

Attachment of inferior rectus

A

Originates from the inferior part of the common tendinous ring and attaches to the inferior and anterior aspect of the sclera

28
Q

Action of inferior rectus

A

Depression

Contributes to adduction ad lateral rotation of the eyeball

29
Q

Attachment of the medial rectus

A

Originates form the medial part of the common tendinous ring and attaches to the anteromedial aspect of the sclera

30
Q

Action of the medial rectus

A

Adducts the eyeball

31
Q

Attachment of the lateral rectus

A

Originates from the lateral part of the common tendinous ring and attaches to the anterolateral aspect of the sclera

32
Q

Action of the lateral rectus

A

Abducts the eyeball

33
Q

Innervation of the recti muscles

A

All innervated by oculomotor

except lateral rectus - innervated by abducens

34
Q

Attachment of superior oblique

A

Originates from the body of the sphenoid bone

Tendon passes though a trochlea and then attaches to the sclera of the eye posterior to the superior rectus

35
Q

Action of the superior oblique

A

Depresses, abducts and medially rotates the eyeball

36
Q

Attachment of inferior oblique

A

Originates from the anterior aspect of the orbital floor

attaches to the sclera of the eye posterior to the lateral rectus

37
Q

actions of the inferior oblique

A

Elevates, abducts and laterally rotates the eyeball

38
Q

Innervations of the oblique muscles of eye

A

Superior - trochlear

Inferior - Oculomotor

39
Q

What does the parasympathetic part of the oculomotor nerve innervate in the eye?

A

supplies the sphincter papillae and the ciliary muscles of the eye

40
Q

Through what does the oculomotor nerve enter the cranial cavity
What happens to the nerve past this point

A

Via the superior orbital fissure

Divided into the superior and inferior branches

41
Q

What does the sphincter pupillae do?

A

constricts the pupil

42
Q

Through what does the trochlear nerve exit the cranial cavity

A

Superior orbital nerve

43
Q

Where does the trochlear nerve arise from

A

Posterior aspect of the midbrain

44
Q

Where does the abducens nerve arise rom and where does it exit the cranial cavity from

A

Exits the brainstem at the junction of the pons and the medulla
Exits the cranial cavity through superior orbital fissure

45
Q

How is the optic nerve formed

A

Convergence of axons from the retinal ganglion cells

46
Q

Where does the optic nerve travel after it’s formation

A

Leaves bony orbit via the optic canal

Enters the cranial cavity running along the surface of the middle cranial fossa

47
Q

What is the optic canal

A

A passageway through the sphenoid bone

48
Q

What is the optic chiasm

A

Within the middle cranial fossa, optic nerve from each eye unite to form the optic chiasm
Fibres from the nasal (medial) half of each retina cross over to the contralateral optic tract, while fibres from the temporal (lateral) halves remain ipsilateral

49
Q

What does the left optic tract contain

A

Fibres from the left temporal retina and the right nasal retina

50
Q

What does the right optic nerve contain

A

Fibres from the right temporal retina and left nasal retina

51
Q

How does brain process sensory data from eye

A

Each optic nerve travels to its corresponding cerebral hemisphere to reach the lateral geniculate nucleus
Axons from the LGN then carry visual information via the optic radiation
Once at the visual cortex, the brain processes the sensory information and response appropriately

52
Q

What is the lateral geniculate nucleus

A

A relay system located in the thalamus

Anatomy YR1 (29 decks)

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