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Anatomy YR1 > The auditory system > Flashcards

The auditory system Flashcards

1
Q

What is olfactory epihelium composed of

A

Supporting cells
Basal cells
Receptor cells

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2
Q

Why are the receptor cells of the olfactory epithelium important

A

Contain receptor proteins
Odorant molecules to receptor proteins
Binding will alliw generation of action potential

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3
Q

What are the bowman gland

A

Serous secreting glands deliver secretions via ducts onto the surface of the mucosa

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4
Q

What is the role of the secretions of the bowman’s gland

A

Trap and dissolve odiferous substances

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5
Q

WHat does the secretions of the bowman’s gland contain

A 
Gel forming mucin
Lysozyme
IgA
Amylase
Odorant binding protein
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6
Q

What does the odorant binding protein do

A

Increase the aqueous solubility of hydrophobic odorants

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7
Q

How many neurons does the olfactory pathway have

A

2 neurons

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8
Q

What is the olfactory pathway

A

Olfactory receptors ->Olfactory bulb ->Olfactory bulb targets -> orbitofrontal cortex, thalamus, hypothalamus, hippocampal formation

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9
Q

What does the auricle contain

A

cartilage covered with skin

  • helix
  • lobule
  • antihelix
  • Concha
  • EAM
  • Tragus
  • Antitragus
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10
Q

Sensory innervation of the external ear

A

Facial nerve
Vagus nerve
Surrounding areas - mandibular nerve, lesser occipital nerve and great auriclualr spinal nerve

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11
Q

What composes of the outer ear

A

auricle to tympanic membrane

Tympanic part of temporal bone

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12
Q

What does the middle ear compose off

A

Cavity in petrous part fo temporal bone
Audiotry ossicles
Pharyngotympanic tube

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13
Q

What is the inner ear composed off

A

Cochlear
Vestibular apparatus
Internal acoustic meatus

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14
Q

Sensory innervation of the outer ear

A

Auriculotemporal CN V3
Auricular branch of CN X
Posterior auriclar branch of facial nerve

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15
Q

Innervation of middle ear

A

Glossopharyngeal

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16
Q

Sensory innervation of inner ear

A

Vestibulocochlear

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17
Q

What are the 3 auditory ossicles

A

Malleus
Incus
Stapes

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18
Q

WHat is the pharyngotympanic tube

A 
Connects middle ear to nasopharynx
1/3 bony and 2/3 cartilaginous
Posterior to ovale and spinoseum
Equalises pressure
Drainage
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19
Q

What is the acoustic reflex

A

When the tensor tympano and stapedius contract in response to loud noise, inhibiting the vibrations of malleus, incus and stapes and reducing the transmission of sound to the inner ear

20
Q

Tensor tympani m.

A

Inserts onto malleus
Tenses tympanic membrane
Dampens sound

21
Q

Stapedius m.

A

Inserts onto stapes
Reduces ossilation against oval window
Dampens sound

22
Q

What is the bony labyrinth

A

consists of a series of bony cavities within the petrous part of teporal bone
It is composed of the vestibule, cochlea and three semi-circular canals

23
Q

What is the vestibule of the bony labyrinth

A

Central part
seperated from the middle ear by oval window
COmmunicates anteriorly with the cochlea and posteriorly with the semi-circular canals
Two parts called saccule and utricle are located within the vestibule

24
Q

What is the cochlea

A

Houses cochlea duct of membranous labyrinth
auditory part of inner ear
Branches from the cochlear portion of the vestibulocochlear nerve are found at the base of modiolus

25
Q

What is the scala vestibuli

A

Located suerpiorly to the cochlear duct and is continous with the vestibule

26
Q

What is the scala tympani

A

Located inferiorly to the cochlear duct and terminates at the round window

27
Q

What is the vestibulocochlear nerve made up off

A

Vestivular and cochlear fibres

28
Q

Where does the vestibulocochlear nerve emerge from

A

Cerebellopontine angle

29
Q

What is the supporting cells

A

SUpport receptor cells and epithelium

Detoxifying enzymes

30
Q

What is the malleus

A

Largest and most lateral of the ear bones, attaching to the tympanic membrane, via the handle of malleus
The head of the malleus articulates with the next auditory ossicle, the incus

31
Q

What is the incus

A

A body and two limbs
Body articulates with the malleus, the short limb attaches to the posterior wall of the middle ear and the long limb joins to the last fo the ossicles, the stapes

32
Q

What is the stapes

A

Smallest bone in the human body
Joins the incus to the oval window of the inner ear
Stirrup-shapped with a head, two limbs and a base
The head articulates with the incus and the base joins the oval window

33
Q

Functions of the inner ear

A

Convert mechanical signals from the middle ear into electrical signals, which can transfer information to the auditory pathway in the brain

To maintain balance by detecting position motion

34
Q

Where is the inner ear located

A

Within the petrous part of the temporal bone

35
Q

What is the membranous labyrinth

A

Lies within the bony labyrinth
Consists of the cochlear duct, semi-circular ducts, utricle and the saccule
Filled with fluid endolymph

36
Q

What are the two opening in the inner ear

A

Oval window lies between the middle ear and the vestibule

Round window separates the middle ear form the Scala tympani

37
Q

How many smei-circular canals are there and what are they

A

3

Anterior, lateral and posterior

38
Q

What is the ampula

A

Swelling at one end of the canals

39
Q

Where are the canals situated

A

superoposterior to the vestibule at right angles to each other

40
Q

What are the organs of balance

A

Semi-circular ducts
saccule
utricle

41
Q

Where does the vestibulocochlear nerve split

A

Wintin the distal aspect of the internal acoustic meatus

42
Q

What does the vestibular nerve innervate

A

Vestibular system of inner ear, which is responsible for detecting balance

43
Q

Where does the cochlear nerve go to and innervate

A

Travels to cochlea of the inner ear, forming the spiral ganglia which serve the sense of hearing

44
Q

What is the auditory cortex

A

Part of the temporal lobe that processes auditory information
Part of the auditory system, performing basic and higher function in hearing

45
Q

Describe the auditory pathway

A

Information travels from the receptors in the organ of COrti of the inner ear to the CNS via the cochlear nerve
Pathway ultimately reaches the primary auditory cortex for conscious perception

Anatomy YR1 (29 decks)

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