Valvular disease

Question 1

what are causes of mitral valve stenosis

Answer 1

rhemuatic heart diseaes, congentia ms, systmic e.g. sle, ra

Question 2

what isze is the mitral valv orifice for mitral stenois

Answer 2

less than 2cm

Question 3

what ishte effect on the lugns of mitral stenosis

Answer 3

plumonary vascuar resince increase due to incread pulmary prssues, cuasuing pulmonary hypertion

Question 4

what is effect of the right heart as a result of mitral stenosi

Answer 4

dilitation

Question 5

what factors effect m stenosi steverity

Answer 5

trans valvular pressure graaident
trans vavlular flow raeq

Question 6

what factors effect the transvalur fllow rate

Answer 6

co adn heart rate

Question 7

what are the symphto of mitral stenosi

Answer 7

dysponea, pulmonaru doema, haemopthisis, chesst pain, ornasess of speech

Question 8

what is the signs mitral stnois

Answer 8

infecgive endocaridse, pulmonary odema, systemci ebolisalio, left atrium enlargemetn
nomrla pulse
increaed jvp iwht a wave
rv heave
tapping apex beat and diastoil thrill

Question 9

what is seen on ecg for atoric stenio

Answer 9

right vntice hypertoryp
complex great thna 0.12 seconds

Question 10

what is sen on x ray for milta stenosi`

Answer 10

enlarged left atrium`

Question 11

what is seen on echocardiogram fro mitral stenosis`

Answer 11

thickening and scarring of leaflets, fusion of commissuers

Question 12

what is the treatment medilly for mitral stnois

Answer 12

dieeurets and restricion of na intake
- if af sr restroation or ventiluar rate controal and anticaougltoin

Question 13

what are the surgical opton for mitrla stenosis

Answer 13

valvotomy, mvr

Question 14

what are causes of mitrla regurication`

Answer 14

rheumatic herat disea, degernative, mitral valve prolapse, inefective endocardistis, functila mr due to lv and annual dilation

Question 15

what happens if the annular enlarges in mitral regurgitaion

Answer 15

reguraitation vole increases

Question 16

what is acute mitral reguariction symptoms

Answer 16

breathlessness , pulmonary odeam, cariogenic shock

Question 17

what is chronic mitgal regurlication symptosn

Answer 17

fatique, exhasuion, right heratfailurew, dysponea or palpitations

Question 18

what is the pluse of mitral reguarication

Answer 18

noram or reduced in herat failure

Question 19

what clincal exampaiton symptoms jmay be seen with mitral reguarion

Answer 19

raised jvp, brisk and hyperdysmaic apex beat, rv heave, reudced s1, spit 2 2 on auciaiton

Question 20

what is seen on an ecg fro mitral reuaiton

Answer 20

la enlargemt leading to pr interval greater than 0.12 seconds, tall . right ventriclaur hypertory, promit r wave in r precoeail leads

Question 21

what is seen on a chest x ray for mtial regurciation

Answer 21

cardiomegaly, la enlargemt, calcification of mitral annulus

Question 22

waht is seen with cardiac caghterisation

Answer 22

left venticlar antiogarm

Question 23

what is the point of echocariogly

Answer 23

lv dimesion, finding cause of mr, leaflet dysfuion, chordae, paokly musle, severity of Mr and pap

Question 24

what is the physiolgy treatmet for acutre Mr and chronic mr

Answer 24

acute - reduced preals nd afterolad
chronic - litel treatment is availe
surgy orf mtrial valve apparatus repair or replacemetn

Question 25

causes of aotic valve stenosis

Answer 25

degernaerative- atheroscholois, rheumatic, bicuspid

Question 26

what is the effect of arotic stenois on physoilogy

Answer 26

increased lv systokc presure, cuase hypertory and increase inmass, incred end disasito pressure, causing increased 02 depan then inscaem then lv failoure

Question 27

what is the symptoms of aortic steons

Answer 27

chet pain, syncope, breathlessnes, heartfailur

Question 28

what is the clincal examinion of aortic stnons

Answer 28

small volume of pulse and slowly rising, prominte jvp in rh failure, virouga sn sustained apex beat, right ventricular heave, auscaltion hear late being lough and hear sounds between s1, may have less audible s2

Question 29

what is seen on ecg for aortic stenosi

Answer 29

lvh , st chagnes

Question 30

what is seen on cxr for aorti steons

Answer 30

clafiction of av

Question 31

what is the point of av echocardioram

Answer 31

whos the av cups mobility, lv fuciotn and hypertrophy, dopperl haemodynaic aasssemtnand pressure grandin and va

Question 32

what can cause dilated aorta

Answer 32

marfans or hyperteion or ct disorders

Question 33

what can cause aortic lealfelt disaer

Answer 33

bicupid aortic valve, endocardiats, rhemuatic heart diseas, myxomatous degernatarion

Question 34

what is thesymptom of crhic aortic reguarication

Answer 34

long asymptomatic phase, exertional breathlessnes

Question 35

what is teh symptoms of acutre aortic reguariction

Answer 35

porrly tolerated ase wall tension cannot adapt

Question 36

waht are the clincat symptons of aortic reguraiton

Answer 36

pulse, large voljme and colaping, wide pusle pressure, hyperdymaic, dyspalced apex beat, ausciton - early diasto, descrein on systoliy murmr

Question 37

ecg for aortic reguartion

Answer 37

st chagnes, lad

Question 38

what s seen on cxr for aortic reguatoin

Answer 38

cardiomegaly in chrinc ar

Question 39

what is sene in echocariolgry for aotic reguarion

Answer 39

av cusp anatim - thickening, prlape, no .o cusp, vegataion, lv function, dilation and hhypertroyp doppler haemodyantic assessment of regurgiant flow

Question 40

what meidca treatm is done for aotic regurion

Answer 40

vasodilation thearpy