CVS Physiology 9

Question 1

what organ is makly resonisble for the long term control of blood pressure

Answer 1

kidneys

Question 2

what are some functions of the kidenys

Answer 2

exertion of waste
maintenace of ion balace
regulation of ph
regulation of osmolarity
reguatoon of plasma volume

Question 3

what specil part of blood is used to measure map

Answer 3

plasma volume

Question 4

what is the osmoliarty outside the collecting duct

Answer 4

very high

Question 5

what moluece determies the osmolarity gradient in the kidnes

Answer 5

na

Question 6

at what point inthe loop of henie is the concentration of sodium the greateest

Answer 6

bottom, due to gravity

Question 7

what happens if the colletin duct is very water permeable

Answer 7

lots of water reabosbrion and little urine produced which conserves plasma volume

Question 8

what happens if you make htte collecting duct impermeable to water

Answer 8

very little reabsorbtion will occur and thus there will be lots of urine and a reduction in plasma volume

Question 9

what is the renin angiotnsin sterone systme

Answer 9

The renin–angiotensin system (RAS), or renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS), is a hormone system that regulates blood pressure, fluid and electrolyte balance, and systemic vascular resistance.

Question 10

where is renis prodiued

Answer 10

fro hte juxtaglomerular cells of the kidney (granule cell)

Question 11

what trigger renein production

Answer 11

sympathiect nerves to juxtaglomerular apparatus ( redeuces map
decreadsed distention of the afferent arterioles
decreased delivery of na+/cl-

Question 12

what is the general effect of renin productoin

Answer 12

increase in map

Question 13

what does renin do

Answer 13

converts inactive angiotensinogen to angiotensin 1

Question 14

what convertes angiotension 1 into angiotension 2

Answer 14

angiotensin converting enzyme

Question 15

what does angiotensin 2 do

Answer 15

stimulates the relase of aldrosterone fromthe adreal cortex
stimulares the release of adh
vasco constivtor

Question 16

what is the fucntion of aldosterone

Answer 16

increases na+ reabsorption in the loop of henle
reduces diuresis and increases plasma volume

Question 17

where is adh relased from

Answer 17

piturity gland

Question 18

wher is adh symptestied

Answer 18

hypothalamus

Question 19

what is the function of adh

Answer 19

increases water perijmty to the colllecting duct - increasing plama volume
vascocontriton - increase map
increases sensation of thirst

Question 20

what is the effect of vascocontrictor on the tpr

Answer 20

increases it

Question 21

what cuaes hte relaes in adh

Answer 21

decre in blood volume - from the cardiopulmonary barocrectpotrs - via delayed meullary cariovascarul centers
an increase in osmolarity of the interstital fluid
circulation angiotension 2

Question 22

anp

Answer 22

atrial natriuretic peptide

Question 23

bnp

Answer 23

brain natriuretic peptide

Question 24

where is anp and bnp produces

Answer 24

myocardia cells in the atria and venticules

Question 25

what triggers the relase of anp and bnp

Answer 25

increasded distension of the artia and venticeles

Question 26

what do anp and bnp do

Answer 26

increse excertio of na+
inhibit the realse of renin
act onmedullary cv centres to reduces map

Question 27

what percent of hypertension are secondary

Answer 27

5-10 %

Question 28

what drug basis treamet can be used

Answer 28

ca2+ channel antagoinis
b - adrenoreceptor antagaonists
thiazide diuretics
angiotension converting enzyme inhibitors
angiotensin 2 antagonists

Question 29

what is teh role of adh

Answer 29

increase senstion of first, vasoconstior
incrase periml yof collecting duct to h20

Question 30

where is adh from

Answer 30

pitarury gland

Question 31

where is adh sympteised

Answer 31

hypothalamus

Question 32

what isthe role of aldosterone

Answer 32

incrases na reaposionin te loop of henle
reduces diures and increase palsam voues

Question 33

what isthe treiggers for adh

Answer 33

baro recorprs
incrased osmolaity of intersi fludi by osmorecoprots in the hypothalums
circulating angiotensin 2

Question 34

what triggers teh reales of aldosteron

Answer 34

alterotensin 2

Question 35

role of anp and bnp

Answer 35

increase eeertio of na
inhib rnels of rening
act on meuarl to cv centre to reedd map