Diseases of the Thoracic arch

Question 1

what doe ste righ sinus of the valsalva house

Answer 1

the rca in the righ coraonry ositum

Question 2

what does hte left suinsu fo the valcuear houss

Answer 2

lca form the let coronary ostium

Question 3

wher eis the coraory sinuse

Answer 3

int he assening aorta

Question 4

what is the subtubural juction

Answer 4

wher the coraonry sinues are held

Question 5

what is the role of the collagen in the tunica adventia

Answer 5

prevents eleastic arteries from stretchign beyond their physiological limits during systole

Question 6

what is an aneurysm

Answer 6

a localised enlargemet of an artery caused by weakening of the vessel walls

Question 7

what is a true anymreis

Answer 7

when the weakess asses all 3 layers of the vesles wall

Question 8

what is a fualse anyrem

Answer 8

a rupure of aorta with the heamatoma either contained by the thin adventital layer or by the surroign soft tisue

Question 9

what caues a true anysems

Answer 9

hypertension, smoking, bicuspid arotric valve, colagen abnmriles - marfans, infection, traume

Question 10

what causes a false anumrs

Answer 10

trama, latrogenic (side effect of treatment), inflamton e.g. endocarditis

Question 11

what are the 2 types of true aneurysms

Answer 11

saccular (sinlge) and fusiform (two or more)

Question 12

what are the sytom of a aortic aneurysm

Answer 12

sob, dysphagia and horsness, back pain, shart chest pain radiating to back, hypotension, pulsatile mass

Question 13

what are the investigations for a aortic aneurysm

Answer 13

cxr, endocardial gram, ct angiogram, mri aorta

Question 14

what is a aortic dissection

Answer 14

where there is a tear in the inner wall f the arota causing blood to force blood apart

Question 15

what are factors wihc cuase dissection

Answer 15

hypertension, atherscheloris, marfans syndrome, bicuspid aortic valve, trauma, sythelis takayasus arteris,

Question 16

whta does a aortic disection look like on histlicy

Answer 16

cystic medial necrosis

Question 17

what braches can a aortic disection occule

Answer 17

coronary, mesenteric, carotid, renal, spinal

Question 18

wher can a repture of a diseciton occur

Answer 18

into back of pericardum - cardiac tamponade or mediastium

Question 19

what is the effect the aorti cvalce of aortic dissection

Answer 19

may cause it to regurgitate

Question 20

what is a type a aoritc disction

Answer 20

when it only the asending aorta in any whay

Question 21

what is a type b aortic anyes

Answer 21

one which does not effect the asending aorta

Question 22

what are the symptoms ofa aortic dissection

Answer 22

chest pain, severe - sharp interscapula
collaplse - due to tampade or external rupare
stroke - involve of caratioares

Question 23

what do you seen on examation ofa aortic dissection

Answer 23

reduce or absent peripheral pulses, hypertension or hypotension, bp mismatch between sides, soft early disastoli murmur, pulmonary odeam, signs of cva

Question 24

what is the investigation of aotitic arch dissection

Answer 24

ecg, cxr, thransthroacic endocardiogram, ct angiogram

Question 25

what is seen on ecg for aortic arch dissection

Answer 25

elevated st waves

Question 26

what is seen on cxr for aortic dssection

Answer 26

widened mediastium

Question 27

what is seen on transthoracic endocardiogram

Answer 27

acess aortic roue, aortic reguarion, pericardial effusion

Question 28

what medication should be used for aortic stenois

Answer 28

beta blockers, ivi nitrate calcui channel blockers, sodium nitroprusside

Question 29

what is akayasus arters

Answer 29

gramulation tissue forming in vasuclature,

Question 30

what is the effet of takayasu arters

Answer 30

stenosis, thrombosis, aneurysms renal artery stenosis, neurological signs

Question 31

what is teh bacterria in sythelis

Answer 31

treponema pallidum

Question 32

when does cardica syphilis occur

Answer 32

10 - 30 years after

Question 33

how common is bicuspid aotic vale

Answer 33

1-2 % of peope

Question 34

what is coarctation

Answer 34

narrowing of aortic valve where the ductus arteriosus inserts

Question 35

what is preducal

Answer 35

wher it happens just before ductus arteriosi

Question 36

what percent of people with turners syndrom have preductal narrowing

Answer 36

5%

Question 37

what is ductal narowing

Answer 37

happens at ductor arterisl

Question 38

what is post ductla coraction assoiced with

Answer 38

hyperention, wek pules in lower libs and rib notching

Question 39

what clinical signs of coraction in adults

Answer 39

cold legs, poor leg pulse, if before left subclactin, radial and right radial femorary artery delay
if after left subclavl, no radial delay, right and left femoral artery delay

Question 40

wha is the symptons of contracture in infancy

Answer 40

heart failure

Question 41

what is teh symptoms of coaraction in laterlife

Answer 41

hypertension and cv complciatoin ( heart falure, mi, cva, aortic dissection

Question 42

what is the treamtn of contraction

Answer 42

percutaneous or surgical correction

Question 43

what gene is marfans syndrome assoicated with

Answer 43

fibrillin 1 gene