Ischeami herat disaes and valvular heart disease - cardiac surgurgy

Question 1

what can be dangerous with coronary artery diseease

Answer 1

left main stem stenois or 3 vessel coronary artery disase

Question 2

what are indicators for coronary artery bypass grafting

Answer 2

symptoic with any coraory artery diseas patern
progoistic if have lmss or 3 vessels disease

Question 3

what is requried for cabg

Answer 3

adequate lung ctuio
mental fuciton
hepatic fucin
asending aorta ok
distal coarory targes ok
lf ef greater tahn 20%

Question 4

what veins can be used for cbg

Answer 4

reversed saphenous vein
intergna mamary artery
radial artereis

Question 5

why is the saphenous vein reversed

Answer 5

as it has valves in it and if they run in the wrong direction there will be back flow of blood

Question 6

what is a sternotomy

Answer 6

where there is an incision along the midline , it is then reattached through the use of wires

Question 7

what are some probles with an sternocy

Answer 7

painful wires, wire infections, sternal dehiscenc, sternal malunion

Question 8

what are the priamry features of cardiac tamponade

Answer 8

raised cvp, raised heart sounds, low np

Question 9

what are the secondary feautes of cardiac surgury

Answer 9

oliguria, increaed oxygen requiremetns, metabolic acidosis

Question 10

what is the treatet for cardiac tamponade

Answer 10

chest reopening

Question 11

what are teh long term post cabg outcomes

Answer 11

50% have no further cardiac problm
of the remainder most only need minor medictoi
5% need repeat cabg

Question 12

what valves are mainly effected in adutls an children often requiring surgy

Answer 12

adults - mitral and aortic
children - all 4 valves

Question 13

what are the cause of valuar heart disease in adutls

Answer 13

degenerative
congential
infective
inflamatory
lv or rv dilatation
trauma
neoplastic
paraneoplatic

Question 14

what are the 3 msot common types of valve problems requiring cardiac surgy

Answer 14

sensile tricupid aortic valve stenosi
bicupid aortic valve
degenerative mitral reguartion

Question 15

what is acture rhuaji fever trated with

Answer 15

aspiri and bed est and penicllin

Question 16

most common bacteria in endocarditis

Answer 16

strep viridans

Question 17

second most common type of bacteria in endocarditis

Answer 17

staph aureus

Question 18

what is the percent chabge of curing endocaris with antibiotic for a prostheic valve and a natural valve

Answer 18

prophic valve 50% chance , normla vale 90%

Question 19

which endocaridits bacteria is easiest to treat

Answer 19

strep viridans

Question 20

what is incation for surguery in endocarditis

Answer 20

severe vavluar regurgitation, sevre vegetations, persitant pyrexia, progressive renal faileru

Question 21

how long should antibioc be given after endocarites

Answer 21

6 weeks

Question 22

what does aortic stenos or atoic reguartion often prestn as

Answer 22

heart falruew, syncopa epois, or angian

Question 23

is there a corrolation betwen the strenough of murmur in ar and the severtiy

Answer 23

yes

Question 24

when is ar more severs

Answer 24

if there is lv dilation

Question 25

aortic reguation reapir is elegibe for who

Answer 25

those with sever ar and left venticle dilatation

Question 26

which is easeri to heart mitrla stenos or reguragatio

Answer 26

regurgitation

Question 27

whta is severe mitral regurgiatiom assoicated with

Answer 27

left venticle and revers of blod thorugh pulonar vein, and lv and la dilation

Question 28

how long can someone be on cadtiopulomary bypass

Answer 28

12 hours

Question 29

is cardopulomarh bypass pulsating

Answer 29

no

Question 30

what happens to body temp on cardiopulomary bypass

Answer 30

induced hypothermia

Question 31

what type of anticogltuoin is need for cpb

Answer 31

systemic

Question 32

most common problem on bypass

Answer 32

coagulophaty - bleeding excessivly

Question 33

what is the befit of bioglocy vales

Answer 33

they don’t need warfarin for life

Question 34

what is the benifit of mechanical valves

Answer 34

last 40 years instead of 15 years of bioclcla
a lot warfarin is requred