cvs physiology 5 - regulatoin of stroke volume and heart rate

Question 1

what type of molcule is used in sympathetic system

Answer 1

noradrenalive

Question 2

where is ciruclating adrenaline relased from

Answer 2

adrenal medulla

Question 3

what type sympathetic of receptor is on the heart,

Answer 3

b1

Question 4

what node is respione for the sympatheic action of the heart

Answer 4

sinoarterail

Question 5

what effect does noradrenaline and adrenalive have on the heart

Answer 5

increases the slope of the pace maker poteial, meaning that it depolaes sooner and faster leading to tachycardia

Question 6

what nerve is parasympatheic

Answer 6

vagus

Question 7

what chemical does the vagus nerve release

Answer 7

acetylcholine

Question 8

where does actely choline cuase effect on the heart

Answer 8

sinoartial node

Question 9

what does acetly choline do the heart

Answer 9

hyperpolorises it and decrease the slope of the pacemaker poteinal causing bradycardia

Question 10

what does startling law state

Answer 10

the endergy of contraction is proportail to the initial lenggh of the cardiac muscle fiber

Question 11

what happens when the tension lengh cure is at its peak

Answer 11

the mysasin gand actin are both perfectly streached

Question 12

what happens in the tensin an dlengh curve before peak

Answer 12

myasin and actin interfer with each over

Question 13

what happens in the tension and lengh curve before the peak

Answer 13

myasin and actin are overstreahed reducign tension output

Question 14

what effect does end distol pressure have on stroke voulem

Answer 14

increased end distoil pressure increase stoke voume, up to a peak

Question 15

what happens if there is decreased end diastolic volume

Answer 15

decfreaed stoke voume

Question 16

what is the benifit of teh end diastolic volume and stroke volume relationship

Answer 16

ensures right and left venticles work toghether

Question 17

afterload

Answer 17

the load agains whoc te musle treies to contraction, determined by arteil pressure which the blood is ejected, affetec by total periphe resitance

Question 18

what is total peripheral resisitance maily effected by

Answer 18

arteriolies

Question 19

what happens if tpr increaes to stoke volume

Answer 19

stroke volume will go down due to more energy being wasted building up enough pressure to open the aortic valvue

Question 20

what type of effect is contractitility

Answer 20

ionotropic

Question 21

what does sympathi stimulation do to stroke volume

Answer 21

increases it

Question 22

what does para sympathic do to stoke volume

Answer 22

little effect as vagus nerve does not innervate the ventricular musle

Question 23

what is preload

Answer 23

how full the ventirice is bofre it started contraction ie. the end distolive voume,

Question 24

what effects preload

Answer 24

contraction of venules/ vains

Question 25

what is contractivilty

Answer 25

how strong a contraction is produced fo rany gie preload or afterload

Question 26

what is the equation for cardica output

Answer 26

heartrate times stroke volume

Question 27

why does cardica output stay the same when heart rate increases

Answer 27

as stroke volume decreasese, due to shorted cardiac intervals in the rapid filing phae, reduign end distoli voume and preload so stroke volume is reduced

Question 28

what facotrs cause heart rate to increase

Answer 28

decreased vagal tone (through vagus nerve) increased sympathetic tone

Question 29

what factors cause contractibilty to increase

Answer 29

increased sympatheic tone altered inotropic state - and shotens systole

Question 30

what is inotropic state

Answer 30

the strengh of contractions of the heart muscles

Question 31

what increase the venous return to the heart

Answer 31

venoconstiction and skeletal/ respiratory pumps whihc maintoins preolad

Question 32

what decrease the total peripheal resiance

Answer 32

arterla dilation in musle, skin and heart

Question 33

effect of increaed tpr

Answer 33

reduced afterload

Question 34

stroke volume

Answer 34

amount of blood puped by one venticle during a contraction

Question 35

what channles are depolaed in arasympthic conraol

Answer 35

k+ and ca

Question 36

what effect does k+ and ca2+ proteins have on the surface of the cell

Answer 36

increasign solubility it hyperpolsing the cell

Question 37

what effect does parasymptic control have on ca2+

Answer 37

decrease solubility, , decreasting the depolorisztio of the cell

Question 38

what is the effect of camp on ino channles

Answer 38

mean they are open longer , increasign the perilmly of an and ca

Question 39

what is the affect of noradrenalive on a1 recepots

Answer 39

vasoconsticiton

Question 40

Ionotropic

Answer 40

modifiy the force or speed of contraction of the heart musles

Question 41

what happens to startling curve if you increased afterload

Answer 41

shifts it to the right

Question 42

what happens to starlng curve if you reduce afterload

Answer 42

shirft is down a d to the right