Atheroma Flashcards
what is a atheroma
foramatio fo focal eleavted lesion in the intima of large and medium sized arteries
wher do athermoa often form
coronary artehrs
what is the efect of aromoa
ischemai
what is a common compati of artehmoa
thromboembolisms
what is arterioschol
age related change in musclar arters, wher there is smooth msule hyper, redupiatio of internal elastic lamina, fibrosis and reduced vessel diameter.
whta does arterioscelrosis contribute to
high frequcy of cardia dn
what is seen in a young child with artheoma - physiology
fatty steak, yellwo linar elevation f intimal lings, lip laden macrophages, often diasphers
what is seen in early arthermoa plces
smooth yellow pathces in intima, lipid laden macrophaes, proes to established plaques
what is the role of collagen in atheromas
proved struclre strnch
what impfalto cells are pesnt in artheymma
macrophages, t lymphctyes and mast clels
what does a athemoa look like
cental lipd core with fibous tissue ap coverd by arteria endothelium
what fills the central lipid core
macropahes - often foamy
what happens ot an athey after its develos
it calciefed ie. bleeds into lipid core
what is a risk factor in deveoping atherorma
hypercholesteriolaemia
ldl levels
beign caucaitons
what are the signs of majro hyperlipidadem
ldl,toal cholster, triglycerides, cornea arcus, tendon xanthomatoam, xanthelasmata
what are the risk fcators for athermona
smoking, hpertension, diabtes, male, elder.y cholesterol levles, obesity, socil eonmi status, low birthweigh
what caues hte deplpen of artheomatu plaques
injury to endothelial lingin of an artery, chronic inclamroy ad healing response of vascular wall to agent cuaing injury.
what leads to the development of atheroma plaques after endothelial injuary
endothelial injury and dysfunction,
accumulation of ldl, monocyte adies ot endothelial,
foamy macrophages, platelet adhesion, factor released from active plates and macrophages,
smooth muscle cell proliferation
extra cellular matrix production
lipid accumulation extracellularly
what are other caues of deveolpthe ofther than injry
heamodynatic distumabnces, e.g. turbuland flow, hypercholesterolaemia- this imparies endothelial cell funiton by increing local produio of reacitve oxygne specei,
lipoprotein aggregates in intima and are modified by free radicals proceed by inflammatory cells, leading to modified ldls accumuled by macrophages- this is toxic to endotheli cells
what happesn if the endothelia cells fucntion is alterned
can cause enhanced expression of cell adhesion molecule e..g icam 1 and e selecting
high permeability of LDL ,
increased thrombogenicity
what growth factor is used in depolp of large plaque
pdgf
what type of cell is maily responsible for large plaque formation
t lymphocyte, macrophages
what per cent stenois of leads to ischaemia
50-75%
what is a complciatio of a atheromatus coronary artyer
angina
