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Cardiovascular > Atheroma > Flashcards

Atheroma Flashcards

1
Q

what is a atheroma

A

foramatio fo focal eleavted lesion in the intima of large and medium sized arteries

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2
Q

wher do athermoa often form

A

coronary artehrs

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3
Q

what is the efect of aromoa

A

ischemai

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4
Q

what is a common compati of artehmoa

A

thromboembolisms

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5
Q

what is arterioschol

A

age related change in musclar arters, wher there is smooth msule hyper, redupiatio of internal elastic lamina, fibrosis and reduced vessel diameter.

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6
Q

whta does arterioscelrosis contribute to

A

high frequcy of cardia dn

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7
Q

what is seen in a young child with artheoma - physiology

A

fatty steak, yellwo linar elevation f intimal lings, lip laden macrophages, often diasphers

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8
Q

what is seen in early arthermoa plces

A

smooth yellow pathces in intima, lipid laden macrophaes, proes to established plaques

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9
Q

what is the role of collagen in atheromas

A

proved struclre strnch

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10
Q

what impfalto cells are pesnt in artheymma

A

macrophages, t lymphctyes and mast clels

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11
Q

what does a athemoa look like

A

cental lipd core with fibous tissue ap coverd by arteria endothelium

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12
Q

what fills the central lipid core

A

macropahes - often foamy

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13
Q

what happens ot an athey after its develos

A

it calciefed ie. bleeds into lipid core

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14
Q

what is a risk factor in deveoping atherorma

A

hypercholesteriolaemia
ldl levels
beign caucaitons

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15
Q

what are the signs of majro hyperlipidadem

A

ldl,toal cholster, triglycerides, cornea arcus, tendon xanthomatoam, xanthelasmata

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16
Q

what are the risk fcators for athermona

A

smoking, hpertension, diabtes, male, elder.y cholesterol levles, obesity, socil eonmi status, low birthweigh

17
Q

what caues hte deplpen of artheomatu plaques

A

injury to endothelial lingin of an artery, chronic inclamroy ad healing response of vascular wall to agent cuaing injury.

18
Q

what leads to the development of atheroma plaques after endothelial injuary

A

endothelial injury and dysfunction,
accumulation of ldl, monocyte adies ot endothelial,
foamy macrophages, platelet adhesion, factor released from active plates and macrophages,
smooth muscle cell proliferation
extra cellular matrix production
lipid accumulation extracellularly

19
Q

what are other caues of deveolpthe ofther than injry

A

heamodynatic distumabnces, e.g. turbuland flow, hypercholesterolaemia- this imparies endothelial cell funiton by increing local produio of reacitve oxygne specei,
lipoprotein aggregates in intima and are modified by free radicals proceed by inflammatory cells, leading to modified ldls accumuled by macrophages- this is toxic to endotheli cells

20
Q

what happesn if the endothelia cells fucntion is alterned

A

can cause enhanced expression of cell adhesion molecule e..g icam 1 and e selecting
high permeability of LDL ,
increased thrombogenicity

21
Q

what growth factor is used in depolp of large plaque

A

pdgf

22
Q

what type of cell is maily responsible for large plaque formation

A

t lymphocyte, macrophages

23
Q

what per cent stenois of leads to ischaemia

A

50-75%

24
Q

what is a complciatio of a atheromatus coronary artyer

A

angina

25
Q

what happens if the plaque ruptues

A

it exspoes thromgic palque content to blood stream, and thsu the coagulation cascade occur, leading to total cocusion, and mi/ stroke/ lower limb gangree
or haemorrhage occurs as the vessels slower wiens over some

26
Q

what are the preventative therpy for placee

A

cholesterol lower drugs, aspirin to inhbit platelets ,

27
Q

what i the tehepautic option to stop plaques

A

weight loss, diet, smoking,k contrall blood presure

28
Q

other options availibe

A

surgury

29
Q

what size anurais is at a high risk of rupure

A

greater than 5cm

30
Q

what artey is bloekd in an mi

A

coronary artery

31
Q

what artey is blocked duringa stroke

A

carotoid artye

32
Q

what artey is bloed during lower limb ganger

A

ileal , femoral popilearal

33
Q

what could happen if a plauqe disslodges into a kidney

A

cholesitor emboli in kidney

34
Q

what are clincl conseues of a narowing luen leading to stenos

A

angia, if steonous athermatous coronary arter
ileal / femoar / polilat arty stenous
long staing tissue ischama

35
Q

wh atis the conseeques of a major rupru

A

stroke, if cerebarl / carotid artyer
mi if coranoryatery
lower limb gange if femora.popliteral or ilearl artery

36
Q

what is teh conseque of hte embolis of the dial artery bead

A

heart, danger arrym is sml foci nerosi
large ulecer aort plaue leading to choler emboli in kindeys, leg and skin
cateroid artery atheromatous debris - stroke/ tia

37
Q

what size anurey is like to birs

A

great th 5 cm

38
Q

what is unstable angia

A

happen when ischeamia resting

39
Q
A

Cardiovascular (37 decks)

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