chronic heart failure Flashcards
what are teh signs of heart failure
breathlessnes , fatique, odema, redued exercise capaicy
what are the symptoms of cardica failure
odema, tachycardia, raised jvp, chest crepitation or effusions, 3rd heart sounds, displaced or abdnomral apex beat
what does the eupropan soc caroii gudies say for diagnos of heart faiure
symptoms, objuectiove evied of cardiac dysfjcion and response to theraphy
what are imaging availbe for cardica dysfuciton
endocardiography, radionuclide ventciculograghy, mri, left ventriucar graphy, CT angiogram
what ar ethe screenign available for cardiac dysfunciton
12 lead ecg, bnp, autoantiboide, viral serology ferritin(iorn)
what cell realse bnp
heart cell in erspone to stres
is bnp higher or lower in chf
higher
what can cause heart failure stuctal cahnges
left vencil sytolic dysfuion
vavular heart disase
pericaridal contricution or effusion
lv diastolic dysfcutio / heart failurew with preserved systolic function/ heart failure with normal ejection fraction
cardica arrhythmias - tachy or brady
myocardial ischaemia / infracion - usully via lvsd
restrie cardoimyopahty e.g amyloi hcm
right venticlaur failruew - primary or secore to pul hyperteoins
what are causes of lv systolic dyfcution
ischam herat diase - often mi
dilated cario myophay as a result of the following
- inherited
toxin e.g alcohol, catecholamines e.g. phaochromomocyotma or stress, cardiomyopathy
- viral e.g. hiv, chagas diase, lyme diasae
systemic diase .e.g sarcoids, haemacrhoatois, sle, mitocral sia
muscular dystorphes
peripartum cariomyopy
hypertension
isolated non compaction
tachy cardi result cardiophhy
rv. pacing induced cardiomyopathy
end stage hypertrophic cario mpyapthy
end stage arrhmogenic rv cariomyopnaty
what should be inculded in the history for a lvsd
if theya re a hill waleker, e.g. lime diase
family history
renal failure
anameia
excluding phaemocytoma
what does echocardiography do
identify and quantify lv systolic dysfucion, valvular dysfjuciton, pericardil effusio, tamponade, diastolic dysucion, lvh, artail and ventilca shuts, pulonary hypertion, edv and ejection fraction
what lower lv ejection fraction
diseae, analagous to haemoglobin/ anameia
what factors effect the abitly for a left venticura ejection fraction to be read properly by echo
quality of images, experienced operator, calculation methods vary, use of contrast agent, time consuming
what is the ejection fraction for norla chf
55-70%
what is the ejection fraction for mild chf
40-55%
what is the ejection fraction for moderate chf
30-40%
what is the ejection fraction for severe chf
less than 30%
what is biplane modifed symptons ruel
it dives ventices in to know size and uses a copute agry to work out the inner voluem
what two fctso does biplane modifed sympons hrule use
thrickens and diapmerter
muga scan
measures the ejection fraction of your heart
what is the down sides of a muga scan
ioisating radion, no additional stural information
what is special about a cardiac mri
it is more accurate than echo, it shows addition tissue cahtris
downsies to cardiac mri
exspeice, time consuming need to hold bereath, cannoth be down at bedside, claustaphobia
what 3 factors are used to grade the severity of cardiovascular disaes
degreee of lv imparentnyha clases , degree of elevated bnp
