arrhythmisa - pathophysiolgy presentation and investigation

Question 1

1st degree heart block

Answer 1

increaed pr interval

Question 2

2nd degree heart blok movits type 1

Answer 2

progresivly longing pr interval
pr longset just before dripeed beat
pr interval shortestes just after dropped beat

Question 3

2nd degree heart block movits type 2

Answer 3

non coduction of pr intervals with out progressive prolongation of pr intervals
the pr inducla in conduction are constant

Question 4

3rd degree heart block

Answer 4

severe bradycarids
indipendent atrio and ventricle repolisation

Question 5

atrial flutter

Answer 5

atria and ventle to pump at differ speed, deprep atral depolatio for every one vencle , regular qrs intervals

Question 6

atrail fibrillation

Answer 6

cells depolies in teh atrai and vencle at different times
Absent P waves
Narrow QRS complex tachycardia
Irregularly irregular ventricular rhythm

Question 7

superventricluar tachycarida

Answer 7

irregular or fast heart beat taht effects the hearts upper chambers, atria,narrow qrs

Question 8

wolff parkinson white syndrome

Answer 8

heart beats irregulary fast for periords of time
is related to svt - where there is an extra electal patheay that returns the vencile signal back to the atru, cuaig it to fire more frequly
slurred r wave
short qrs

Question 9

sinus tachycardia

Answer 9

sinus bradycardia - too slow

Question 10

sinus bradycardsi

Answer 10

two fast

Question 11

what is the presentation of atrial fibulation

Answer 11

palpiation, dysposin, chests pain and fatique

Question 12

what tests are done for a atrail thibulation

Answer 12

blood test and thryoid funciton
echocardiogram
12 lead ecg

Question 13

what are the rate contraol therpy options for rate altering

Answer 13

beta blockers
ccb
dioxin - risk of toxicity

Question 14

what are teh secotary arrypi treatmet involing anti arrypthmia drugs

Answer 14

1c/3 drugs
and dc cardioversion

Question 15

what are teh electical proceducre for atrail fibrillation

Answer 15

pace and ablation of av node
substatie medication e.g. pulomary vein isoaltoin

Question 16

what anticoagnulatin can be used

Answer 16

warfarin, noacs

Question 17

what caues supervcenicar tachyrdia

Answer 17

when the electial signal goes back to the ventricles after it fishes due to there being no insulation between atria and venclees on the tricuspid valve, cauign a circle repae

Question 18

symptom of supraventicluar tachycardi

Answer 18

palpitation, dysponea, diziness

Question 19

what is thre traemtn for supraventuar tachycar

Answer 19

there is none

Question 20

ecg of supervenicluar trachycars

Answer 20

narrow qrs - lless than 0.12 seconds
looks like qrs followed imedily by t wave
fast heat rate
regular

Question 21

symptoms of venticular tachycardia

Answer 21

palpitations, cp, dyspnoea, dizziness, syncope

Question 22

what testz should be doen for ventcilar tachycardis

Answer 22

bloods, echo, angiogram, ecg

Question 23

signs of ecg fo venicure fibrilation

Answer 23

borad qurs, rapid vniclur rymthum , regularly irregualr

Question 24

what is the preventiosn o f ventricucalr tachycardia

Answer 24

aa drugs and inplateable cardio defibrilatiors

Question 25

what is the indicators for an implantable defibriloatr

Answer 25

cardiac arrest due to vf/ vt not due to a traniet or early phase actur mi sustained vt causing synope or significant compromise sustiaed vt with poor lv fucntion

Question 26

what are inications for temportaory pacing

Answer 26

intermittent or sustabiend symptomatic bradycardia prophylactic when patient at high risk for develpemt of severe bradycard e.g. nd or 3rd degree av block, post anterio mi

Question 27

what are the indication for permanent pacing

Answer 27

symptomati or profoudn 2nd/ 3rd degree av block ac block acoicated with neromucl diase alertanting left and right bundle branch block syncope when bifaciation / trifacing block and no other reasons sinus node disease associated with sympons caroti sinus yhpersnigy/malin vaval scope poor lv fucnito with lbbb

Question 28

what is sinus arrest

Answer 28

pauses for 3 or more seconds without atrial activity

Question 29

what is ablation

Answer 29

destory tissue between atrium and venticle to stop electil conduction returning

Question 30

ventricluar eptocis

Answer 30

when there are atypical ventiricle beats that happen spontaneously - can be extra or missed beats

Question 31

what is a signg of venticluar ectopic beats

Answer 31

broad qrs

Question 32

tpres of drugs used for atrail fibrilatoin

Answer 32

rate - 1a, 1c or 3 antiargymic dtus, sue sotalo or aminodranoe if have coronary artery disease, if older than 65 use dioxin , betablocelr or central calium blockers

Question 33

class of drugs for atrila flutter

Answer 33

1c, or certain cclass 3 such as dofelide, ibuilie

Question 34

what does wolfon parkin white syndome lok like on ecg

Answer 34

borad qrs, hort pr

Question 35

what does venticualr eptoi look like on ecg

Answer 35

wide qrs and abdomal t waves - inverted often