The pathophysiology of congestoin and oedema

Question 1

congestion

Answer 1

excess blood in vessles of tissues or organs

Question 2

what is an example of a local acute congestion of things which can causes odema in the legs

Answer 2

dvt,

Question 3

what is an example of a local chronic congesion

Answer 3

hepatic cirrhosis

Question 4

what is an example of gererlised acture congesion

Answer 4

congesitive heart failure

Question 5

what is the effect of a dvt in the lges

Answer 5

blood backs up, thsu reducing oftflow of blood, cuasinga decrease in presure gradien and decreased flow acoss the system leading to ischemia and infraction

Question 6

what causes hepatic cirrhosis

Answer 6

liver damage, alchol,

Question 7

what is the effect of the portal vein as a result of hepatic cirrhosis

Answer 7

blocked portal vein, increased portal venous pressure, , atomoses occur

Question 8

what is the main risk of a hepaic cirrahos

Answer 8

haemorgae

Question 9

what tpe of tissue forms in hepatic cirrhosis

Answer 9

firbous

Question 10

what are example of shunt of portal system

Answer 10

oesphageal varices, caput medusae

Question 11

what is congestive cardiac failure

Answer 11

heart unable to clear blood in the right and left ventricles

Question 12

why does congestive heart faiule cuaes odema

Answer 12

reduced cardiac output, reduced activtion of raas, increased an and h20 retion , increased body fluid, increased fluid overlad

Question 13

why does congestive herat failure cause pulmonary odema

Answer 13

blood dams back into the lungsw

Question 14

why does congestive heart failrue cause veneous congesstion

Answer 14

right heart failure,blooddams back into systemic ciruclaotn, jvp incares, increased hepatomeglay, increaedperipheal odema

Question 15

what is the periccentral hepatocytes coloure wehn poolry oxgeneated

Answer 15

red in colour

Question 16

what is the peripoatl hepatocye colour wehn poorly oxygenated

Answer 16

pale

Question 17

name of liver where there is the name of the hepatic central venous congestion

Answer 17

nutmeg liver

Question 18

what pressure drive blood out of capilae

Answer 18

hydrostaic capily prssure and interstial oncotic pressure

Question 19

what pressure drives plood ingo cpapiles

Answer 19

capilly hydrostin oncotic presure and intersit collod onctoic pressure

Question 20

when is transudate odema often present

Answer 20

cardiac failreu, fludi overlaods

Question 21

when is exudate odema oftern present

Answer 21

allger, tumor or inflamation

Question 22

what physiological process causes exudate odema

Answer 22

iflamation due to reduced vascular permeabilidty

Question 23

what happens to left atrail pressure in left venticlre pressure

Answer 23

it increases

Question 24

what hapens to pulomary blood flow durign left vencre pressureincreaases

Answer 24

it increaes

Question 25

what happens if here is increaed ulumary blood flow

Answer 25

means that theere is pulmonary odema in lungs

Question 26

what type of heart failure cauesees peripheal odema

Answer 26

right

Question 27

what type of heart faiure causes pulmnoary odeam

Answer 27

left

Question 28

what is the proces bethen right heart failure and peripheral odema

Answer 28

heart cannot empty rv in systole, this leads to blood retained in the system veins. increase blood pressure in the capillers

Question 29

what type of odeam is seen in congestive heart failrue

Answer 29

pulmonary odeam and periphel odema at hte same time

Question 30

lymphoedema

Answer 30

blockage of lymphatic system

Question 31

what ishte effect of odema in renal fucntion

Answer 31

results in salt and h20 retension, leading to secondary in heart falure

Question 32

what caues nephrotic sysdnome

Answer 32

leaky renal glomerular basement memabre, meaing lose prtoin and gnearlsied odema

Question 33

what is the effect of reduced protin levesl

Answer 33

transudate odema

Question 34

is damage to endothel ling exudate or transudate

Answer 34

exudate - as incrases no.of porses in meamer, increase osmotic relection

Question 35

what causes incfeard endotheal permibilty

Answer 35

burn, acutre inflation such as pneumoia

Question 36

transudate caues

Answer 36

liver cheroiss sevre hypoproteialurea nephrotic syndrome

Question 37

exucate causes

Answer 37

pulmonary embolism infection pulmonary infraction malignacy trauma