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Cardiovascular > Hypertension > Flashcards

Hypertension Flashcards

1
Q

what is normal blood pressure

A

140/90

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2
Q

what is teh effect of a 2mmhgh rise in blood pressurw

A

7% increas risk from IHd in death
10% increase mortality from stroke

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3
Q

what is the increaed risk of a change in 20mmgh systolic or 10mmhg diastolic

A

double risk of cvd death regarless of age

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4
Q

what is a safe blood pressure with no increased risk

A

115/ 75

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5
Q

what organs are most effected by hpyerension

A

brain, eyses, blood vessles, heart, kidnesy

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6
Q

what is the effect of the kidneys on hyperention

A

renal failure, dialysis, transplation, proetiurai

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7
Q

what is the effct of te eyes ofn high blood pressure

A

retinopathy

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8
Q

wha tis the effet on the blod vessel of high blood pressure

A

peripheral vasular resiance

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9
Q

what is hteh effect of the heart of high blood presure

A

lvh, chd, chf, mi

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10
Q

what are tbe ane of valuels for stage 1 hypertension - cliia values and average daytime values

A

clinic 140/90
av. daytime 135/85

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11
Q

what are tbe ane of valuels for stage 2 hypertension - clinical values and average day time values

A

clincical 160/100
averae day time 150/90

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12
Q

what are the average values of stadge 3 hyperention - clinical only

A

clincal 180/120

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13
Q

what is a normal no of daytime measures to be reliable and accurate

A

30 or more

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14
Q

what percent of hypetension is primary

A

80-90%

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15
Q

what are caue of secondary hypertension

A

chronic renal diseae, renal artery stenosis, endocrine deiaes - cushings, conns, phaemochroncyoma

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16
Q

what is phaemochromocyoma

A

increased sympatheic tone

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17
Q

what factors increase risk of hypertension

A

smoking, diabteis (5-30 time incresase in mi), renal diaes, male (2*rsik incresase), hyperlipademia, previous stroke, lv hyperterphy

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18
Q

what is the effect of the sympathic nervous system on the heart

A

tachycaria, increased sotrike voume, incraed caridac output, casocaontion

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19
Q

what hormones are stimulated by the sympatheic nervous sytem

A

angiotension 2, aldrosterone

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20
Q

what does angioten 2 do

A

vasocaontion

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21
Q

what does aldrostoern do

A

water and salt reterniton

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22
Q

what stimulare raas

A

fall in bp, fall in circuating blood , sodium depletion

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23
Q

where is aldroster relased form

A

Adrenoglands on kidneys

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24
Q

what are the cuaes of hypentions

A

sodium homestic effect 0- kidnesya are unable to excrete aproat amount of sodium for given blood pressure
heridy defects of smooth mulse lining arterioles

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25
what is teh effect of age on blood pressure
higher blood presure in elder, thus need to be watched and treated
26
where is the closest genetic cordation in a family, parents or sibling
sibling
27
what envirometnal facot incrase blood presure
stress
28
what is the effect of a mall amount of alcohol on bp
slight decreae
29
waht is the effect of a large amount of alcohol on blood pressur
increae in blood pressue
30
what affect does weight have on bp
increse it sifnicanlty
31
what is the effect of a 9kg weight loss
decrea in blodo pressure of 19/18mmgh
32
what is the effect of birthweigh of mothers high blood pressure
lowered
33
what is the effect of race onbp
caucation have lower blood pressure than afrian population
34
what investigations can be done for blood pressru
ecg, echocariogarm, proteinurai, renal ultrasound, renal funciton
35
what is the effect of sleep apneoa on blodo pressure
increase it
36
what risk scorer is used in scotland
assign score .com
37
what is the suggested targe for blodo pressure
135/80
38
which gropus shou.d be treated iwther the blood pressure is greater than 135/85 and they are less then 80
target end orrgan damge, estabilshed cardiovasular disease renal diases diabetes 10 year risk of cv 10% or greater
39
what is teh treamet fr some less than 40 with stage 1 hypertension
seek specialised advie
40
how should treamtent differ for stadge 1 hypertnio for over 80s
offer smae treametn but higher blood pressure targe of 145/85
41
what isthe drug treametn for african decne or people aed over 55 for antyphertide drug treametn
calcium channel bloker or hazide like diuretic
42
what is teh first treatment for those under 55
ace inhibtor or arb
43
what is the effet of ace inhibiirotr on women of child beraign age
teratogneic in earl stae, fetal toxi in later stage
44
what is teh seond stae in hypertsion treament
add thiazide
45
what is thiazide exampels
indapamide
46
what is the 3rd stadge in hpernstion treeamted
and calciu cahl blocker, ace inhibitor, and diureti together
47
what do to in step 4 of hypertension treatmed
consider complace issur, try higher does of thiazide like diruet therpay, consider further direutic therapy, low dose spirolace
48
what are exaples of ace inhitors
ramipril, perindropril
49
what is the funtio of ace ihibortor
stop produtio of angiotenion 2 which is a proten vaosconstior
50
what are the sdie effects of ace inhibros
hypercalemia, fertile problems. renal artery stenosis - can cuae renal failure, impared renal fucntion
51
what drugs interact with ace
nsaids - non steroidal anti infla - renal falure potassuim suplame - hyper alkeama
52
what are examples of angiotension 2 receptor bloker
losartan, valsartan, candesartan
53
what is teh adavaet of angiotensio 2 inhibor over ace
fewer sideeffects
54
what do cahlce channel blockers do
vasodialtion
55
what are example of calium chanel blocker
amlodipide, felodipne
56
what is the effect of cailunm cahnel bloker
reduec tpr
57
who are calium cahnel blokers for
those ovr 55
58
waht calium chanel bloker should be given to women of child baring age
nifedapine
59
what are examples of rate liminting calicum channel bloker
verapamil
60
what type of alium channel do chalium channelblocker work on
l type
61
what is the adver drug rection of ccb
flushing,heache, ankle oedem, indigesiton, badycaria, constipation
62
what is a cotraidiato to ccb
acutemi, heaart failure, bardyaria
63
what do thiazid type diuretic do
increas urinary exertio of soidum, resiance vesl dilation, reduing tpr,
64
when are centraly ating agens melyhydoam used
hypertension during pregnacy
65
when is an exaple of an alph adrenorepot antagoist
doxazosin
66
what is teh use of alpha adreoreceptr antagio
oppose smoth mule contraciton itne arteries

Cardiovascular (37 decks)

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