dvt and pe - venous thrmobemblism

Question 1

what is a thrmbous made up of

Answer 1

fibin, plateles adn rbc

Question 2

what causes the intrici pathway of coaguatln casscade

Answer 2

spontaneous internal damge to the endothelium

Question 3

what cuases the entixic coaguatio casscade to activate

Answer 3

response to external trauma

Question 4

what is the noram cause of artearl thrombus

Answer 4

plaque ruputre

Question 5

where does arteail thrombus noramlly occur

Answer 5

arteries, left heart chambers

Question 6

what is the reuslt of a arterial thombus

Answer 6

ischamia and infraction

Question 7

what disease are cuased by arterial thrombois

Answer 7

acture coronary syndoem, ishcmi stoke, limb claudication/ ischamia

Question 8

what color often is a venous thromhous and what is it made out of

Answer 8

white, made of platelets and fibrin - clot

Question 9

what cuses venous thrombous

Answer 9

chanes in vircow tria, statin and hypercaougion

Question 10

wher do venous thrombos occur

Answer 10

venous vales, and venosu sinsuoids of musle

Question 11

what do venous fthnmo resutl in

Answer 11

back pressure of blood across vales, cuasing rbc depsion

Question 12

what disease arece caused by venous thromnbs

Answer 12

dvt, pe

Question 13

what is the comptois of venous throms,

Answer 13

rbc and fibrin

Question 14

what can cuse endotehal dysfuciotn

Answer 14

hypertension, smokng hich colestal

Question 15

what cand cause dnothela damge,

Answer 15

indeweling veous cathers, trauma, surgury

Question 16

what can cuase hypercoaguion

Answer 16

pregnancy, cancer sepsis

Question 17

what can cause blood statis

Answer 17

immobilty, long hall travel

Question 18

what can be teh side effects of vicearl venous thrmobosis

Answer 18

budd chiari

Question 19

what cna be the side effects of interacraila venous thromnos

Answer 19

sagittal sinus thrombosi

Question 20

high risk factors fro venous throboem bolism

Answer 20

surgruy, obsteics, e.g. preganciy, caeseation seccion, puerperium
Adomial / pelicv cmoligaty
Reduced pmoglibity,

Question 21

minro risk factors for vneous thromboembolis

Answer 21

Cardio – congenital heart diase, congestive heart failure, hyperteniosn, superficial venous thrombosis, indwelling central vein cathareter

Ostegation, oral cogtaeive, hrt
miscellaneous e.g copd – calculate malignant, thrombi disorder

Question 22

what is the preveneion of vtehm in soal

Answer 22

early mobilaion,, anti embolc stoking
meahcail methos of htrjborprolisx
pharacoligcal thromboroalxis

Question 23

what are teh signs and simptoms of dvt

Answer 23

uliatler limb swlling, persiatn discomefor, calf tendorness, walkf in legg, reduness, promial collaterla veins,

Question 24

what is the scoring isystem used to diagnose likey hood of dvt and criter for liley / uninle

Answer 24

welll - likely 2 or greater
unlikley 2 or less

Question 25

whta is d dimer

Answer 25

breakdonw of cros linked fibrin, prode uding fibris

Question 26

what caun cause d dimer

Answer 26

pe, dvt, trauma, malinay, bleeding, cancer, recent sufgyr, pregnacy

Question 27

what are the signs and symtpos of a regular pe

Answer 27

pleuritic chest pain, breathlessness , blood in sputum, rapid heart rate, prla rub on causation due to pulmary infraction

Question 28

what are the signs and symptoms of a massive pulmonary embolism

Answer 28

severe dysponea of sudden onset
collapese, blue lips and tongue , tachycardia, low blood pressure, raised juglar venous pressure, sudden death

Question 29

what wells score for pe is signciatin

Answer 29

greater or eqal to 4.5

Question 30

what risk assesmte should be doen tfor vte

Answer 30

dash scoe - disabilty
herdeeo 2 - for

Question 31

how long should anticoation be for vte

Answer 31

• 3/12 mtos if provaked
  unprovedk and high risk of recurrence - life long

Question 32

what are the iv and oral tramtemt for vte

Answer 32

low molcearwigh heapin - iv - firls in
unfatio heapain - for intaiisc pathwy - iv
direct oral anticaion - riavoaxan and direct htormbin hinhiros - digoabn
warfarin, iibtor or viti kh

Question 33

what are invlued in direct oral anticoagulaton

Answer 33

direct throbin inbor, e..g dabigatran adn 10 a inbritgs, rivaxoan

Question 34

what is teh non mecal treamt for dvts/ pes

Answer 34

surcial if masive
alteplase

Question 35

what is teh name of a common clot buster

Answer 35

alteplase - turn plasminogen to plasmin

Question 36

what are the logn term consees of dvt

Answer 36

post thromi sydneom
swelling, discomfro, pigmet and ulceroin in severe forms

Question 37

what are the long term conseques of pulmonary embols

Answer 37

pulmary hypertins in sevre condtions