urology r Flashcards
inguinal hernia undescended testes non-retractable foreskin phimosis BXO testicular torsion torsion of appendix testes hydrocele hypospadias epispadias
what is an inguinal hernia
when contents of the abdomen push through the muscle
can be direct or indirect
presentation of inguinal hernia
soft lump in inguinal region
what is an incarcerated hernia
hernia that cannot be pushed back in
treatment of hernias in children <1
urgent referral and surgery
treatment of hernia in children 1+
elective referral and surgery
what is undescended testes
testes that cannot be manipulated into the scrotum due to strong cremasteric reflex
also known as cryptorchidism
risk factors for undescended testes
FH low birth weight small for gestational age premature smoking
management of undescended testes
watch and wait
refer to urology if they haven’t descended by 6months
surgery - orchidopexy
what is testicular torsion
testicle twists and cuts off the blood supply
becomes ischaemic
6hrs to treat
presentation of testicular torsion
pain
asymmetry
management of testicular torsion
medical emergency
must be managed in 6 hours
refer for surgery
what is torsion of appendix testes
twisting of appendix testes (embryological remmnant)
presentation of appendix testes torsion
redness
swollen
dark spot on tip
what is a hydrocele
collection of fluid within tunica vaginalis
presentation of hydrocele
scrotal swelling non-tender no pain Transilluminates worse on coughing, crying, standing
