Staph Vs Strep

Question 1

what does staph and strep usually cause?

Answer 1

skin and soft tissue infections

Question 2

which bacteria is coagulase positive?

Answer 2

staphylococcus aureus

Question 3

what is Streptococcus pyogenes sensitive to?

Answer 3

Penicillin (theres no problem with resistance like there is with staphylococcus aureus).

Question 4

which bacteria colonises the skin and mucosa normally?

Answer 4

Staphylococcus aureus

Question 5

Which bacteria colonises the oropharyngeal carriage?

Answer 5

Streptococcus pyogenes (GAS)

Question 6

which syndromes are unique to staphyloccocus aureus?

Answer 6

Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome

Question 7

what syndromes are uniquely caused by group A streptococcus?

Answer 7

Scarlet fever

Question 8

what is scarlet fever?

Answer 8

a reaction to the toxins produced by group A Streptococcus pyogenes

Question 9

what age is scarlet fever most common in?

Answer 9

2-6 yrs

most common is age 4

Question 10

how long is the incubation period for scarlet fever?

Answer 10

2-4 days

Question 11

What are the signs of scarlet fever?

Answer 11

fever
malaise
headache
nausea
sore throat
STRAWBERRY TONGUE
rash (sandpaper texture)

Question 12

What is the treatment for scarlet fever?

Answer 12

10 days of oral penicillin

^doesnt really reduce the illness but it reduces complications and infectivity

Question 13

What is the main complication of scarlet fever?

Answer 13

rheumatic fever - occurs 20 days after the infection

Question 14

where does the rash spare in scarlet fever?

Answer 14

doesn’t affect palms or soles

Around the mouth

Question 15

when does the rash appear in scarlet fever?

Answer 15

usually 2 days after symptoms begin

Question 16

what infection can be caused by both staphylococcus aureus and group A streptococcus?

Answer 16

toxic shock syndrome - another toxin mediated disease (like scarlet fever).

Question 17

which cause of toxic shock syndrome has a higher fatality?

Answer 17

more people due from group a strep shock

Question 18

what are the signs of toxic shock syndrome?

Answer 18

Fever 
sunburn rash (diffuse maculopapular)
swollen lips
strawberry tongue 
diarrhoea (if staph A)
rapidly progresses to multi organ failure:
tachycardia
prolonged CRT
hypotension
renal impairment
transaminitis
reduced GCS

Question 19

What is the management of toxic shock syndrome?

Answer 19

IV flucloxacillin + clindamycin.

IV immunoglobulins.

Question 20

why are NSAIDs avoided in TSS?

Answer 20

They increase the risk of necrotising fascitis.