The injured child Flashcards
what is a type 1 growth plate injury?
a complete physeal fracture with or without displacement
what is a type 2 growth plate fractures?
a physeal fracture that extends through the metaphysis, producing a chip fracture on the metaphysis
what is a type 3 growth plate fracture?
a physeal fracture that extends through the epiphysis
what is a type 4 growth plate fracture?
a physeal fracture plus epiphyseal and metaphyseal fracture
what is a type 5 growth plate fracture?
a compression fracture of the growth plate
what type of growth plate fractures are most common?
type 2 fracture.
What is included in a primary survey?
CABCDE DEFG C- catastrophic haemorrhage control A- Airway with C spine B - Breathing with ventilation C- Circulation with haemorrhage control D- Disability E- Exposure/Environment
DEFG - Don’t ever forget glucose.
what is the growth plate made of?
hyaline cartilage - it sits between the metaphases and epiphysis.
what is the difference in adult and children bones?
Children - have growth plates + more cancellous bone (the spongy, highly vascularised bone in the centre of long bones).
Adults - no growth plates + cortical bone (the more compact hard bone around the outside).
Children bones are more flexible but less strong.
what type of fracture is common in children?
green stick fractures
what is a green stick fracture?
when one side of the bone breaks whilst the other side stays intact.
what is a buckle/torus fracture?
a fracture where the bone compresses in on itself - these are more common in children. due to less strength when being compressed.
What is the SALTR pneumonic in growth plate fractures?
type 1 - S - straight across growth plate. type 2 - A - Above the growth plate. type 3 - L - beLow the growth plate. type 4 - T - through the growth plate type 5 - R - cRush.
what is the pain ladder for children?
it only has 2 steps:
1 - paracetamol and ibuprofen.
2 - morphine.
If a child requires morphine, then they require admission to hospital.
Codeine and tramadol are NOT used in children because there is unpredictability in their metabolism. so the effects vary too greatly.
Aspirin - contraindicated in children <16yrs - due to Reye’s syndrome.
when is the one time that aspirin is used in children?
In Kawasaki disease.
