asthma in children r

Question 1

what causes bronchoconstriction in asthma

Answer 1

smooth muscle contraction in the airways

Question 2

what are the three key features for asthma

Answer 2

wheeze
variability
responds to treatment

Question 3

symptoms of asthma

Answer 3

wheeze
cough
SOB

Question 4

common triggers for asthma

Answer 4

pets 
dust 
cold air 
exercise 
smoke 
food allergens

Question 5

investigations in asthma

Answer 5

no diagnostic test - see if it responds to treatment
spirometry
peak flow

Question 6

management if QoL is not affected

Answer 6

watchful waiting

Question 7

step 1 in management for under 5s

Answer 7

short acting b2 agonist (SABA)

- salbutamol

Question 8

step 2 in management for under 5s

Answer 8

add low dose ICS
or
add leukotriene receptor antagonist

Question 9

step 3 for management in under 5s

Answer 9

add the other option from step 2

Question 10

step 4 for management in under 5s

Answer 10

refer

Question 11

step 1 for ages 5-12

Answer 11

SABA

Question 12

step 2 for ages 5-12

Answer 12

add low dose ICS

Question 13

step 3 for 5-12s

Answer 13

add LABA (salmeterol)

Question 14

step 4 for 5-12s

Answer 14

increase ICS dose
add oral leukotriene receptor antagonist
or
add oral theophylline

Question 15

step 5 for 5-12s

Answer 15

increase dose of ICS

Question 16

step 1 for ages 12+

Answer 16

SABA

Question 17

step 2 for 12+

Answer 17

add ICS

Question 18

step 3 for 12+

Answer 18

add LABA

Question 19

step 4 for 12+

Answer 19

increase ICS dose
add OLR
or
oral theophylline

Question 20

step 5 in age 12+

Answer 20

increase dose of ICS again

Question 21

general management in asthma

Answer 21

create an asthma action plan
assess the childs inhaler technique
remove triggers
stop smoking

Question 22

treatment of mild acute asthma

Answer 22

SABA with spacer

SABA + oral prednisolone

Question 23

treatment of moderate acute asthma

Answer 23

SABA via nebuliser + oral prednisolone

SABA via nebuliser + oral prednisolone + ipratropium

Question 24

treatment of severe acute asthma

Answer 24

IV salbutamol 
IV aminophylline 
IV magnesium 
IV hydrocortisone 
intubate + ventilate

Question 25

how could you measure control of asthma

Answer 25

SANE 
SABA use
absence from school/nursery
nocturnal symptoms 
exertional symptoms

Question 26

what presents the same and is managed the same as asthma in children

Answer 26

viral induced wheeze