infection r Flashcards
what is impetigo caused by
bacterial infection
usually staph A
presentation of impetigo
pustules and honey coloured erosions - golden crust
extremely infectious
treatment of impetigo
topical fusidic acid
oral antibiotic if it persists - flucloxacillin
complications of impetigo
cellulitis
sepsis
staphylococcus scalded skin syndrome
scarlet fever
what is staphylococcus scalded skin syndrome
skin condition caused by Staph A
Staph a produces toxins that break down proteins in the skin
presentation of SSSS
<5 patches of erythema bullae that burst sore red skin nikolsky sign fever irritability lethergy dehydration
what is nikolsky sign
gentle rubbing of skin causes peeling
management of SSSS
IV antibiotics
fluid and electrolyte balance
what is molluscum contagiosum
benign and self limiting skin condition caused by molluscum contagiosum virus
presentation of molluscum contagiosum
pearly/fleshy papules with an umbilicated centre
appear in groups
often with eczema
how is molluscum contagiosum spread and what is the incubation period
close contacts
2wks-6months
management of molluscum contagiosum
self resolves within 18 months
lifestyle advice to prevent spread
in some cases:
5% potassium hydroxide
surgical removal
cryotherapy
what causes viral warts
HPV
presentation of viral warts
papilomatous warts with finger like projections (also known as verrucas)
usually on hands and feet but can be anywhere
how do you manage viral warts
they are benign so don’t need treatment
can alert immune system to the virus by using salicylic acid, cryrotherapy, oral zinc
what is viral exanthemas
an eruptive widespread rash
associated with viral illness
what could viral exanthemas be caused by
measles scarlet fever rubella erythema infectiosum rosella
other names for erythema infectiosum
slapped cheek disease
parvovirus
presentation of slapped cheek disease
viral symptoms
erythematous rash that starts on cheeks and spreads to trunk and limbs
management of slapped cheek disease
self limiting
symptoms resolve in 1-2 weeks
rash can take 6 weeks to clear
what is a rare complication of slapped cheek disease
aplastic crisis
what causes chicken pox
primary infection by varicella zoster virus
incubation period for chicken pox
10-21 days
it is highly contagious
presentation of chicken pox
red papules that progress to vesicles then crust over
usually starts on face and trunk
itchy
viral symptoms like fever, fatigue, malaise
when does chicken pox stop being infectious
when the lesions scab over
how do you manage chicken pox
self limiting
antihistamines and calamine lotion to relieve itch
aciclovir for higher risk patients
what causes hand, foot and mouth disease
enterovirus - coxsackie A
presentation of hand foot and mouth disease
URTI symptoms - tired, sore throat, dry cough
blisters on hands, feet and mouth
painful ulcers on tongue
management of hand foot and mouth disease
self limiting in 7-10 days
supportive management
presentation of orofacial granulomatosis
lip swelling and fissures
oral mucosal lesions - ulcers, tags, cobblestone appearance
what can cause orofacial granulomatosis
chrons - carry out investigations
benzoate allergies
management of orofacial granulomatosis
recommend benzoate and cinnamate free diet
what is erythema nodosum
painful subcutaneous nodules caused by inflammation of fat
mostly on shins
what can cause erythema nodosum
it is hypersensitivity mediated common causes: IBD strep sarcoidosis OCP penicillin
management for erythema nodosum
identify and treat cause
NSAIDs
topical steroids
what is dermatitis herpetiformis
rare dematological condition linked to coeliac disease
presentation of dermatitis herpetiformis
clusters of blisters - usually on knees, elbows, scalp. buttocks
investigations for dermatitis herpetiformis
coeliac screen
biopsy
management of dermatitis herpetiformis
emollients
gluten free diet
topical steroids
dapsone if hard to control
what is urticaria
eruption of wheals/hives that lasts from a few minutes to 24 hrs
can have angioedema
acute lasts <6months
causes of urticaria
infection is most common cause drug allergy NSAIDS opiates vaccinations
management of urticaria
remove trigger
antihistamines at 3x standard dose
fexofenadine for chronic urticaria
