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Exam - M - Paediatrics (Megan) > infection r > Flashcards

infection r Flashcards

1
Q

what is impetigo caused by

A

bacterial infection

usually staph A

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2
Q

presentation of impetigo

A

pustules and honey coloured erosions - golden crust

extremely infectious

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3
Q

treatment of impetigo

A

topical fusidic acid

oral antibiotic if it persists - flucloxacillin

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4
Q

complications of impetigo

A

cellulitis
sepsis
staphylococcus scalded skin syndrome
scarlet fever

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5
Q

what is staphylococcus scalded skin syndrome

A

skin condition caused by Staph A

Staph a produces toxins that break down proteins in the skin

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6
Q

presentation of SSSS

A 
<5
patches of erythema 
bullae that burst 
sore red skin 
nikolsky sign 
fever 
irritability 
lethergy 
dehydration
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7
Q

what is nikolsky sign

A

gentle rubbing of skin causes peeling

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8
Q

management of SSSS

A

IV antibiotics

fluid and electrolyte balance

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9
Q

what is molluscum contagiosum

A

benign and self limiting skin condition caused by molluscum contagiosum virus

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10
Q

presentation of molluscum contagiosum

A

pearly/fleshy papules with an umbilicated centre
appear in groups
often with eczema

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11
Q

how is molluscum contagiosum spread and what is the incubation period

A

close contacts

2wks-6months

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12
Q

management of molluscum contagiosum

A

self resolves within 18 months
lifestyle advice to prevent spread

in some cases:
5% potassium hydroxide
surgical removal
cryotherapy

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13
Q

what causes viral warts

A

HPV

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14
Q

presentation of viral warts

A

papilomatous warts with finger like projections (also known as verrucas)
usually on hands and feet but can be anywhere

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15
Q

how do you manage viral warts

A

they are benign so don’t need treatment

can alert immune system to the virus by using salicylic acid, cryrotherapy, oral zinc

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16
Q

what is viral exanthemas

A

an eruptive widespread rash

associated with viral illness

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17
Q

what could viral exanthemas be caused by

A 
measles
scarlet fever
rubella
erythema infectiosum 
rosella
18
Q

other names for erythema infectiosum

A

slapped cheek disease

parvovirus

19
Q

presentation of slapped cheek disease

A

viral symptoms

erythematous rash that starts on cheeks and spreads to trunk and limbs

20
Q

management of slapped cheek disease

A

self limiting
symptoms resolve in 1-2 weeks
rash can take 6 weeks to clear

21
Q

what is a rare complication of slapped cheek disease

A

aplastic crisis

22
Q

what causes chicken pox

A

primary infection by varicella zoster virus

23
Q

incubation period for chicken pox

A

10-21 days

it is highly contagious

24
Q

presentation of chicken pox

A

red papules that progress to vesicles then crust over
usually starts on face and trunk
itchy
viral symptoms like fever, fatigue, malaise

25
Q

when does chicken pox stop being infectious

A

when the lesions scab over

26
Q

how do you manage chicken pox

A

self limiting
antihistamines and calamine lotion to relieve itch
aciclovir for higher risk patients

27
Q

what causes hand, foot and mouth disease

A

enterovirus - coxsackie A

28
Q

presentation of hand foot and mouth disease

A

URTI symptoms - tired, sore throat, dry cough
blisters on hands, feet and mouth
painful ulcers on tongue

29
Q

management of hand foot and mouth disease

A

self limiting in 7-10 days

supportive management

30
Q

presentation of orofacial granulomatosis

A

lip swelling and fissures

oral mucosal lesions - ulcers, tags, cobblestone appearance

31
Q

what can cause orofacial granulomatosis

A

chrons - carry out investigations

benzoate allergies

32
Q

management of orofacial granulomatosis

A

recommend benzoate and cinnamate free diet

33
Q

what is erythema nodosum

A

painful subcutaneous nodules caused by inflammation of fat

mostly on shins

34
Q

what can cause erythema nodosum

A 
it is hypersensitivity mediated
common causes:
IBD
strep 
sarcoidosis 
OCP
penicillin
35
Q

management for erythema nodosum

A

identify and treat cause
NSAIDs
topical steroids

36
Q

what is dermatitis herpetiformis

A

rare dematological condition linked to coeliac disease

37
Q

presentation of dermatitis herpetiformis

A

clusters of blisters - usually on knees, elbows, scalp. buttocks

38
Q

investigations for dermatitis herpetiformis

A

coeliac screen

biopsy

39
Q

management of dermatitis herpetiformis

A

emollients
gluten free diet
topical steroids
dapsone if hard to control

40
Q

what is urticaria

A

eruption of wheals/hives that lasts from a few minutes to 24 hrs
can have angioedema
acute lasts <6months

41
Q

causes of urticaria

A 
infection is most common cause 
drug allergy
NSAIDS
opiates 
vaccinations
42
Q

management of urticaria

A

remove trigger
antihistamines at 3x standard dose
fexofenadine for chronic urticaria

Exam - M - Paediatrics (Megan) (57 decks)

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