Urinary Tract Infection Flashcards
What is a UTI
Defined by a combination of clinical features and the prescence of bacteria in the urine.
What syndromes can a UTI result in?
- Pyelonephritis (acute and chronic infection of kidney and renal pelvis).
- Cystitis
- Urethritis
- Epididymitis
- Prostatitis
Are UTIs lower or upper infections or the urinary tract?
Lower
What can cause stagnant urine, (bacteria need stagnant urine to proliferate)?
Stones
Obstruction
Prostatic hypertrophy
Diverted urinary system
Surgery
What is the aetiology of UTI’s?
Woman are more vunerable due to the width and shortness of the urthrea, proximity to anus, and frequent irritation.
The irritation may be caused by sexual activity, baths, and use of some feminine hygiene products.
What age men are more likely to get UTI’s?
Older men (over 60) with prostatic hypertrophy and urine retention.
What are the two classes of bacteria that cause UTI?
Gram-negative
Gram-positive
What is the differences between gram negative and gram positive bacteria?
Gram-negative bacteria have an outer cell membrane making it harder to treat infections caused by gram-negative
bacteria. Additionally gram-negative
bacteria also share an increased resistance
to antibiotics and are more toxic to the host
than gram-positive bacteria.
What are some examples of gram negative bacteria?
E coli
Klebsiella pneumonia
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
What are some example of gram positive bacteria?
Staphylococcus
Group B streptococcus
Aerococcus
Enterococcus
What is the costovertebral angle tenderness test?
Signifies a disease or infection associated with kidneys.
Distinguishes kidney infection from UTI’s
What are some symptoms of pyelonephritis?
Dull aching pain in lower back or flank area.
Systemic signs of infection.
Signs and symptoms of cystitis, if the infection is present in both kidneys and bladder.
