Endocrine Disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

What does the endocrine system consist of?

A

Glands
Hormones
Specialised cell clusters

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2
Q

What does the endocrine system do?

A

Regulates and integrates Metabolic activities.

Maintains homeostasis

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3
Q

What are the structures of the endocrine system?

A

Hypothalamus
Pituitary gland
Thyroid gland
Parathyroids
Adrenal glands
Pancreas
Testi/ovary

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4
Q

What is the hypothalamus?

A

Region in the brain which coordinates the endocrine system - Through neural and hormonal pathways.

Releases and inhibits hormones.

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5
Q

What are the 6 hormones released to the Anterior Pituitary Gland?

A

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
Growth hormone
Corticotropin releasing hormone
Somatostatin
Dopamine

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6
Q

What does the Thyrotropin-releasing hormone do?

A

Stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone and prolactin from the anterior pituitary gland

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7
Q

What does the gonadotropin releasing hormone do?

A

Triggers sexual development and released LH and FSH

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8
Q

What does the corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) do?

A

Stimulates the release of adrenocorticotropic hormone

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9
Q

What does somatostatin do?

A

Inhibits the release of both growth hormone and TSH from the anterior pituitary gland.

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10
Q

What 2 hormones are released to the posterior pituitary gland?

A

Antidiuretic hormone
Oxytocin

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11
Q

What does anti-diuretic hormone do?

A

This hormone prompts the kidneys to increase water absorption in the blood

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12
Q

What does oxytocin do?

A

involved in many things such as breast milk production and contracting the uterus during childbirth.

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13
Q

What is Goitre?

A

Enlargement of the thyroid gland
Caused by many conditions

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14
Q

What are the symptoms of diabetes?

A

Frequent urination
Excessive thirst
Increased hunger
Weight loss
Tiredness
Blurred vision
Frequent infections

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15
Q

What is cushings syndrome?

A

Caused by an excessive level of glucocorticoids

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16
Q

What is pheochromocytoma?

A

Benign tumour of the adrenal glands.

17
Q

What is Addisons disease?

A

Primary adrenal insufficiency
Destruction of the adrenal cortex
Commonly autoimmune

18
Q

What does Addisons disease result in the reduced production of?

A

Glucocorticoids
Mineralocorticoids
Adrenal androgens

19
Q

What are some symptoms of Addisons disease?

A

BM drop
Inadequate circulation
Hyperpigmentation of skin
Low BP
Weakness
D&V
Abdo pain
Vitiligo

20
Q
A