Blood coagulation

Question 1

How much blood does the average adult have?

Answer 1

Around 5 litres

Question 2

What is the composition of blood?

Answer 2

Plasma - 55%
Buffy coat - 1%
Erythrocytes - 45%

Question 3

What is the composition of plasma?

Answer 3

Water - 90%
Proteins - 10%
Solutes - 1%

Question 4

What is composition of proteins in plasma?

Answer 4

Albumin - 60%
Globulin - 36%
Fibrinogen - 4%

Question 5

What is albumin?

Answer 5

A carrier protein
Osmotic pressure

Question 6

What are the three components of globulin?

Answer 6

Gamma
Alpha
Beta

Question 7

What does fibrinogen in plasma produce?

Answer 7

Fibrin

Question 8

What is are the two components of the Buffy coat?

Answer 8

Platlets and leukocytes

Question 9

How long do platelets live and where are they made?

Answer 9

Made in bone marrow
Live 5-9 days

Question 10

What are the different types of leukocytes?

Answer 10

Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils
Monocytes
Lymphocytes

Question 11

Do erythrocytes have a nucleus?

Answer 11

No

Question 12

What do erythrocytes do?

Answer 12

Transport gasses

Question 13

Where are erythrocytes made?

Answer 13

Bone marrow

Question 14

What is the pH level of blood?

Answer 14

7.35 - 7.45

Question 15

What is the temperature of blood?

Answer 15

37 degrees

Question 16

How many liters of blood does a man and woman have?

Answer 16

Male 5-6 litres
Female 4-5 litres

Question 17

What is haemostatis?

Answer 17

Haem = blood
Statis = stop

Question 18

What are the three steps to haemostatis?

Answer 18

Vascular constriction
Platelet aggregation
Coagulation

Question 19

What is vascular constriction?

Answer 19

VASCULAR DAMAGE causes SMOOTH MUSCLE CONSTRICTION and will LIMIT BLOOD FLOW LOCALLY.

Question 20

What is platelet aggregation?

Answer 20

When collagen is exposed a platelet plug gets formed.

Question 21

What occurs in coagulation?

Answer 21

The release of prothrombin factor.
Thrombin cuts
Fibrinogen turns into fibrin

Question 22

What activates the intrinsic pathway of blood clotting?

Answer 22

Activated by endothelial injury in blood vessels.

Question 23

What activates the extrinsic pathway of clotting blood?

Answer 23

Activated by tissue and platelet injury.

Question 24

What is a full blood count ?

Answer 24

Takes a venous sample
Tests WBC
Tests RBC

Question 25

What does less than 4 on a white blood cell blood test indicate?

Answer 25

Anaemia

Question 26

What does more than 5.5 on a white blood cell blood test indicate?

Answer 26

Polycythaemia

Question 27

What does less/more than 5000 neutrophils on a blood test indicate?

Answer 27

Less than = Leukopenia More than = Leucocytosis

Question 28

What is a PT and INR blood test and what do they test for?

Answer 28

Prothrombin Time (PT) and International Normalised Ratio (INR) They test for the extrinsic clotting pathway, warfarin levels and liver issues.

Question 29

What is a PTT blood test and what does it test for?

Answer 29

Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT) tests for the intrinsic clotting pathway and the heparin level.

Question 30

What does the D-dimer blood test test for?

Answer 30

Fibrin degradation