Disorders of the eyes, ears, and other sensory organs Flashcards

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1
Q

What is vertigo?

A

A symptom - not a condition

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2
Q

Where does peripheral vertigo affect?

A

Usually a problem with the inner ear

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3
Q

Where does central vertigo affect?

A

Affects the brainstem or cerebellum

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4
Q

What is menieres disease?

A

Dilation of the membranous labyrinth (hydrops)

Blockage of the endolymphatic duct.

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5
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of Menderes disease?

A

Feeling of ear fullness
Vertigo
Nystagmus
Nausea and vomitting
Tinnitus
Acute hearing loss

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6
Q

What is the treatment for vertigo and Menieres disease?

A

Antiemetics
Antihistamines with antiemetic effects

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7
Q

What are the risk factors for a detached retina?

A

Significant eye trauma
Ageing
Diabetic retinopathy
Severe myopia
Previous eye surgery

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8
Q

What are the three types of retina detachment?

A

Rhegmatogenous - ageing

Tractional - scar tissue on retina

Exudative - trauma/medical causes

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9
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of a detached retina?

A

Loss of vision
Dark shadow/curtain vision
Floaters and flashes

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10
Q

What is the treatment for a detached retina?

A

Laser surgery to reattach the retina

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11
Q

Is a detached retina a medical emergency?

A

Yes as it can be susceptible to ischaemic damage

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12
Q

What is otitis media?

A

Outer/middle ear infection

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13
Q

What is the presentation of otitis media?

A

Increasing pain
Pyrexia
Sensation of water in the ear

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14
Q

What are the complications of otitis media?

A

TM rupture
Hearing impairment
Meningitis

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15
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of cataracts?

A

Cloudy/blurred vision
Difficulty with vision at night
Sensitivity to light
Double vision in a single eye

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16
Q

What are the three types of cataracts?

A

Nuclear
Posterior sub capsular
Cortical cataract

17
Q

What are the risk factors of cataracts?

A

Age
Diabetes
Sunlight exposure
Smoking
Obesity
HTN
Previous eye surgery/injury
Corticosteroids
Alcohol
Iris colour

18
Q

What is conjunctivitis?

A

Inflammation of the conjuctiva

19
Q

What are the 3 types of conjunctivitis?

A

Viral - highly contagious
Bacterial - highly contagious
Allergic

20
Q

What are the symptoms of macular degeneration?

A

Gaps or dark spots in vision
Colours appear faded
Photosensitivity
Reading difficulties
Difficulty recognising faces
Objects change shape, size, colour

21
Q

What are the 3 types of macular degeneration?

A

Dry - build up of DRUSEN

Wet - leaky blood vessels in macula

Juvenile - presents like wet, hereditary

22
Q

What are the risk factors of macular degeneration?

A

Age (50)
Family history and genetics
Race (caucasian)
Smoking
Obesity

23
Q

What are the risk factors for glaucoma?

A

Age
Family with it
Ethnicity
Eye trauma

24
Q

What are the 5 different types of glaucoma?

A

Open angle
Normal tension
Angle closure
Congential
Secondary

25
Q

What are the treatments for glaucoma?

A

Eye drops
Laser surgery
Non laser surgery

26
Q
A