Disorders of the eyes, ears, and other sensory organs Flashcards
What is vertigo?
A symptom - not a condition
Where does peripheral vertigo affect?
Usually a problem with the inner ear
Where does central vertigo affect?
Affects the brainstem or cerebellum
What is menieres disease?
Dilation of the membranous labyrinth (hydrops)
Blockage of the endolymphatic duct.
What are the signs and symptoms of Menderes disease?
Feeling of ear fullness
Vertigo
Nystagmus
Nausea and vomitting
Tinnitus
Acute hearing loss
What is the treatment for vertigo and Menieres disease?
Antiemetics
Antihistamines with antiemetic effects
What are the risk factors for a detached retina?
Significant eye trauma
Ageing
Diabetic retinopathy
Severe myopia
Previous eye surgery
What are the three types of retina detachment?
Rhegmatogenous - ageing
Tractional - scar tissue on retina
Exudative - trauma/medical causes
What are the signs and symptoms of a detached retina?
Loss of vision
Dark shadow/curtain vision
Floaters and flashes
What is the treatment for a detached retina?
Laser surgery to reattach the retina
Is a detached retina a medical emergency?
Yes as it can be susceptible to ischaemic damage
What is otitis media?
Outer/middle ear infection
What is the presentation of otitis media?
Increasing pain
Pyrexia
Sensation of water in the ear
What are the complications of otitis media?
TM rupture
Hearing impairment
Meningitis
What are the signs and symptoms of cataracts?
Cloudy/blurred vision
Difficulty with vision at night
Sensitivity to light
Double vision in a single eye
What are the three types of cataracts?
Nuclear
Posterior sub capsular
Cortical cataract
What are the risk factors of cataracts?
Age
Diabetes
Sunlight exposure
Smoking
Obesity
HTN
Previous eye surgery/injury
Corticosteroids
Alcohol
Iris colour
What is conjunctivitis?
Inflammation of the conjuctiva
What are the 3 types of conjunctivitis?
Viral - highly contagious
Bacterial - highly contagious
Allergic
What are the symptoms of macular degeneration?
Gaps or dark spots in vision
Colours appear faded
Photosensitivity
Reading difficulties
Difficulty recognising faces
Objects change shape, size, colour
What are the 3 types of macular degeneration?
Dry - build up of DRUSEN
Wet - leaky blood vessels in macula
Juvenile - presents like wet, hereditary
What are the risk factors of macular degeneration?
Age (50)
Family history and genetics
Race (caucasian)
Smoking
Obesity
What are the risk factors for glaucoma?
Age
Family with it
Ethnicity
Eye trauma
What are the 5 different types of glaucoma?
Open angle
Normal tension
Angle closure
Congential
Secondary
What are the treatments for glaucoma?
Eye drops
Laser surgery
Non laser surgery
