Cellular Injury

Question 1

How many layers are there of structural organisation?

Answer 1

SIX

Question 2

What are the different levels of organisation?

CCTOSO

Answer 2

Chemical
Cellular
Tissue
Organs
Systems
Organism

Question 3

How many body systems are there?

Answer 3

11

Question 4

What are the different body systems

Answer 4

Integumentary
Skeletal
Muscular
Nervous
Endocrine
Cardiovascular
Lymphatic
Respiratory
Digestive
Urinary
Reproductive

Question 5

“The maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment regardless of external changes” is what?

Answer 5

Homeostasis

Question 6

What is pathology

Answer 6

Study of disease / the structure of a disease

Question 7

What are the 4 causes of cellular injury?

Answer 7

Hypoxia
Toxins
Infectious agents
Physical injury

Question 8

What causes cellular change?

Answer 8

Stressors
Injury

Question 9

What are the two responses of the cell to stressors called?

Answer 9

Adaptation
Death

Question 10

Are cellular changes reversible or irreversible?

Answer 10

Both

Question 11

Is it hormonal or environmental stimuli that cause cellular change?

Answer 11

Both

Question 12

What is atrophy?

Answer 12

Decrease in the size of a cell

Question 13

What is hypertrophy?

Answer 13

Increase in the size of a cell

Question 14

What is hyperplasia?

Answer 14

Increase in number of cells

Question 15

What is metaplasia?

Answer 15

A change in the type of cell

Question 17

What are the two cellular responses to stressors?

Answer 17

Adaptation
Death

Question 18

Is it hormonal or environmental stimuli that cause cellular change?

Answer 18

Both

Question 19

Are cellular changes reversible or irreversible?

Answer 19

Both

Question 20

What is atrophy?

Answer 20

The decrease in the size of cell

Question 21

What is hypertrophy?

Answer 21

An increase in the size of cell

Question 22

What is hyperplasia?

Answer 22

Increase in number of cells.
(for example they may double).

Question 23

What is metaplasia?

Answer 23

A change in the type of cell.
(For example, they may get skinnier and become cilia cells).

Question 24

What is dysplasia?

Answer 24

A change in the type of cell. (For example, arrangement of the cell, abnormal architecture.

Question 25

What is neoplasia?

Answer 25

New growth of cells

Question 26

What is apoptosis?

Answer 26

Controlled cell death

Question 27

What are the stages of apoptosis?

Answer 27

1.The cell shrinks and chromatin condenses. 2.Membrane starts breaking and organelle disintegrate. 3.Nucleus and organelle collapse, membrane continues to break. 4.Apoptotic bodies form. 5.Macrophages eat apoptotic bodies.

Question 28

What is necrosis?

Answer 28

Uncontrolled cell death

Question 29

What are the stages of necrosis?

Answer 29

1.Organelles swell. 2.Plasma membrane rupture, cellular and nuclear lysis cause inflammation. 3.Phagocytosis

Question 30

What are the differences between apoptosis and necrosis?

Answer 30

Necrosis- Swelling Leakage of cell content. Apoptosis- Shrinkage Nuclear fragmentation Apoptotic bodies No leakage of cell content.