Cellular Injury Flashcards
How many layers are there of structural organisation?
SIX
What are the different levels of organisation?
CCTOSO
Chemical
Cellular
Tissue
Organs
Systems
Organism
How many body systems are there?
11
What are the different body systems
Integumentary
Skeletal
Muscular
Nervous
Endocrine
Cardiovascular
Lymphatic
Respiratory
Digestive
Urinary
Reproductive
“The maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment regardless of external changes” is what?
Homeostasis
What is pathology
Study of disease / the structure of a disease
What are the 4 causes of cellular injury?
Hypoxia
Toxins
Infectious agents
Physical injury
What causes cellular change?
Stressors
Injury
What are the two responses of the cell to stressors called?
Adaptation
Death
Are cellular changes reversible or irreversible?
Both
Is it hormonal or environmental stimuli that cause cellular change?
Both
What is atrophy?
Decrease in the size of a cell
What is hypertrophy?
Increase in the size of a cell
What is hyperplasia?
Increase in number of cells
What is metaplasia?
A change in the type of cell
What are the two cellular responses to stressors?
Adaptation
Death
Is it hormonal or environmental stimuli that cause cellular change?
Both
Are cellular changes reversible or irreversible?
Both
What is atrophy?
The decrease in the size of cell
What is hypertrophy?
An increase in the size of cell
What is hyperplasia?
Increase in number of cells.
(for example they may double).
What is metaplasia?
A change in the type of cell.
(For example, they may get skinnier and become cilia cells).
What is dysplasia?
A change in the type of cell. (For example, arrangement of the cell, abnormal architecture.
What is neoplasia?
New growth of cells
What is apoptosis?
Controlled cell death
What are the stages of apoptosis?
1.The cell shrinks and chromatin condenses.
2.Membrane starts breaking and organelle disintegrate.
3.Nucleus and organelle collapse, membrane continues to break.
4.Apoptotic bodies form.
5.Macrophages eat apoptotic bodies.
What is necrosis?
Uncontrolled cell death
What are the stages of necrosis?
1.Organelles swell.
2.Plasma membrane rupture, cellular and nuclear lysis cause inflammation.
3.Phagocytosis
What are the differences between apoptosis and necrosis?
Necrosis-
Swelling
Leakage of cell content.
Apoptosis-
Shrinkage
Nuclear fragmentation
Apoptotic bodies
No leakage of cell content.
