Renal drug therapies Flashcards
What are the medications that renal transplant patients will be prescribed?
*. Azathioprine - an immunosuppressant commonly prescribed to
renal transplant patients. It is used to try and improve kidney
function and to dampen down any disease progression. There
are many immunosuppressants available.
* Amphotericin to prevent fungal infections
* Co-trimoxaole to prevent a type of pneumonia “pneumocystis”
* Isoniazid to prevent tuberculosis
What are phosphate binder?
As kidney disease progresses; phosphate cannot be excreted effectively.
This phosphate then accumulates in the body causing calcium to be pulled from the bone.
Parathyroid hormone is released to attempt to normalise calcium levels.
Phosphate binders are typically prescribed in CKD.
What is Vitamin D?
Absorbed from food or produced through the skin as Vit D3.
This then goes to the liver to be converted and sent to the kidneys to be converted again into calcitriol - needed for calcium absorption and utilisation.
It is essential that for this to happen; the kidneys and liver need to be in good health.
Renal patients will usually take vitamin d supplements.
What are diuretics?
Diuretics (water tablets) increase the production of urine and reduce the amounts of fluid and potassium retained in the body.
What are diuretics used for?
Prevent and treat high BP and oedema (swelling due to fluid retention)
What are the three classes of diuretics?
- Thiazide
- Loop diuretics
- Potassium-sparing diuretics
What are the thiazide diuretic medications?
Bendroflumethiazide
Chlortalidone
Metolazone
What are the three types of loop diuretic medications?
Bumentanide
Furosemide
Torasemide
What are the two types of potassium-sparing diuretic medications?
Amiloride
Spironolactone
What are the side effects of diuretics?
-May lower BP too much
-Some may cause low potassium levels
-If diabetic, may raise sugar levels
-If pt has gout, some diuretics may worsen condition.
What causes anaemia?
Kidneys are responsible for secreting a hormone, erythropoietin, to stimulate
red blood cell production.
When the kidneys fail to do this the patient becomes anaemic.
What are medication are anaemic patients prescribed?
Erythropoiesis stimulating agents (ESA).
What is Erythropoiesis Stimulating Agent (ESA) medication?
This is an artificial hormone which increase the number of red blood cells in the body.
Usually a self medication injection.
Which medications should pts with kidney disease avoid?
-Some anitbiotics
-NSAID’s:
.Because they decrease blood flow to the kidneys and raise blood pressure.
What types of blood pressure medications do people with diabetes/kidney disease take?
Lisinopril and losartan
Any other meds ending with pril or sartan
