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Anatomy > Urinary System III > Flashcards

Urinary System III Flashcards

1
Q

The rate of urine formation is determined by the

A

Net pressure across glomerulus

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2
Q

How can you calculate the net pressure across glomerulus?

A

Outward pressure - inward pressure

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3
Q

Filtration happens only in the

A

Renal corpuscle

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4
Q

Reabsorption is the process by which

A

Solutes (glucose, ions, AA) and water get moved out, making way back into capillaries

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5
Q

The amount of reabsorption depends on

A

The endocrine system

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6
Q

What are the two pathways of Reabsorption?

A
  • Transcellular

- Paracellular

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7
Q

The Transcellular pathway is one in which

A

Water and solutes move across the membrane of the cell, making their way through and being transported out into the interstitial space

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8
Q

The components of the Transcellular pathway make their way into the

A

Peritubular capillary

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9
Q

The Paracellular pathway is one in which

A

Water or solutes leak out in between cells (due to leaky tight junctions)

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10
Q

Reabsorption moves material from the

A

Lumen into the capillaries

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11
Q

Most of the reabsorption happens in the

A

Proximal convoluted tubule

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12
Q

The end of the nephron loops always have

A

Aquaporins

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13
Q

Filtrate moves from the proximal loop to the

A

Nephron Loop

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14
Q

The Descending loop of the Nephron is

A

Permeable to water but not solutes

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15
Q

The Descending loop has

A

Aquaporins across its length

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16
Q

The solute gradient found in the medulla of the kidney allows for water to

A

Leave by osmosis out of tubule

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17
Q

As filtrate moves down the descending limb, water moves

A

Out of the tubule via osmosis

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18
Q

As the filtrate moves down into the medulla, what happens?

A

More water will leave tubule

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19
Q

More water will leave tubule due to

A

The interstitial fluid getting saltier and saltier

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20
Q

The Ascending loop of the Nephron is

A

Not permeable to water but is permeable to solutes

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21
Q

What kind of transport is found in the Ascending loop?

A

Passive + Active transport of sodium and chloride

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22
Q

What moves stuff out of the lumen and into the interstitial space in the Ascending loop?

A

Sodium Pot pumps

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23
Q

What drives the concentration gradient in the medulla?

A

The Sodium Pot pumps

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24
Q

What happens as you move down medulla?

A

The solute concentration increases

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25
Q

Filtrate in the proximal convoluted tubule is

A

Isometric

26
Q

By the time filtrate reaches distal convoluted tubule, it is

A

Hypotonic / Diluted

27
Q

Nephron loop reabsorbs water in the

A

Descending loop

28
Q

Nephron loop reabsorbs solutes in the

A

Ascending loop

29
Q

Reabsorption in distal tube and collecting duct is based on

A

What the body needs

30
Q

What determines what happens with filtrate when it reaches collecting duct?

A

Hormonal controls

31
Q

Antidiuretic hormone works

A

Against urine formation

32
Q

What is the function of the Antidiuretic hormone?

A

It causes body to make less urine by facilitating reabsorption of water

33
Q

How does the Antidiuretic hormone work?

A

It inserts aquaporins into collecting duct, taking more water from the diluted filtrate

34
Q

What happens if the Antidiuretic hormone is released?

A

Body will reabsorb more water

35
Q

If body does not need more water, then there will be an absence of

A

Antidiuretic hormone

36
Q

What happens to the collecting duct during the absence of the Antidiuretic hormone?

A

It will be impermeable to water

37
Q

Alabastron is hormone produced by the

A

Adrenal glands

38
Q

Alabastron promotes the reabsorption of

A

Sodium, promoting reabsorption of water

39
Q

Alabastron promotes the secretion of

A

K+ ions and reabsorption of Na+

40
Q

Tubular Secretion is the process by which

A

The body adds things to filtrate

41
Q

Majority of secretion happens in the

A

Proximal convoluted tube

42
Q

Regulation of urine concentration and volume is done via

A

Countercurrent Mechanisms

43
Q

How does fluid flow in the Nephron Loop?

A

In opposite directions with positive feedback

44
Q

How does water move as loop descends?

A

Passively

45
Q

Initially in the ascending loop, Sodium and Cl move

A

Passively

46
Q

20% of oxygen we get goes to our

A

Kidneys

47
Q

The Vasa Recta are the

A

Capillary beds running next to nephron loops

48
Q

The Vasa Recta is permeable to

A

Water and solutes, preserving the gradient of the nephron

49
Q

What happens if you are well-hydrated?

A

Sensors in hypothalamus do not produce many Antidiuretic hormones

50
Q

What happens if you are dehydrated?

A

Sensors in hypothalamus produce many Antidiuretic hormones

51
Q

The ability to fine tune urine based on environment is all due to the

A

Actions of the Na/K pumps in ascending loop

52
Q

How much of urine is water?

A

95%

53
Q

The smell of urine is due to its

A

Interaction with bacteria

54
Q

The Urinary Bladder is lined by

A

Mucus Membrane / Smooth Muscle

55
Q

What kind of cells are found in the Urinary Bladder?

A

Transitional epithelium cells

56
Q

The internal urethral sphincter is

A

Involuntary / has smooth muscle

57
Q

The external urethral sphincter is

A

Voluntary

58
Q

In males, the urethra is surrounded by

A

Erectile Tissue

59
Q

Micturition / Urination is under the control of the

A

Nervous system

60
Q

The stretching of the urinary bladder is what

A

Sends signal to the brain to pee

Anatomy (46 decks)

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