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Anatomy > Nutrition > Flashcards

Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

Humans are heterotrophs, so they get food from

A

External sources

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2
Q

Metabolism is the relationship of

A

Chemical reactions involved in the maintenance of the living state of both cells and the organisms

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3
Q

Metabolism can be categorized as

A

Anabolic and Catabolic

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4
Q

Catabolic Metabolism is

A

Digestion, or the breaking complex molecules

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5
Q

Anabolic Metabolism is

A

Building complex molecules from simpler ones

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6
Q

When bonds in food break, there is

A

Energy released from the bonds to do work

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7
Q

Macronutrients are nutrients combined in

A

Large quantities

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8
Q

What are examples of Macronutrients?

A
  • Protein
  • Lipids
  • Carbs
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9
Q

Macronutrients can be either

A

Complete or Incomplete

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10
Q

What are complete macronutrients?

A

Ones which provide all 8 essential AAs

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11
Q

What are incomplete macronutrients?

A

Ones which do not provide all building blocks needed

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12
Q

Most animal fats are examples of

A

Complete macronutrients

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13
Q

Carbs come in forms of

A

Sugars, starches, fibers

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14
Q

Starches are

A

Polysaccharides of glucose molecules within certain foods

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15
Q

Fibers can’t be

A

Chemically digested and absorbed by the GI tract

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16
Q

What is the function of fiber?

A

It helps propel stuff through GI tract, allowing SI to push things through

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17
Q

Lipids are nonpolar molecules used to

A

Store energy

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18
Q

Humans store fats in

A

Adipose tissue, a type of connective tissue

19
Q

Triglycerides, or fats, can be

A
  • Saturated
  • Unsaturated
  • Trans
20
Q

Saturated fats are ones which

A

Are solid at room temperature

21
Q

Unsaturated fats are fluid at room temperature due to

A

One or more double bonds between Carbons

22
Q

What are Trans fats?

A

Unsaturated fats that have been modified to be slightly saturated with hydrogen to extend shelf life

23
Q

Cholesterol is a precursor for

A
  • Steroid Hormones
  • Sex Hormones
  • Vitamin D
24
Q

Vitamins are what kind of micronutrients?

A

Essential and organic compounds

25
Q

Vitamins are either

A

Water-soluble or Fat-soluble

26
Q

Water-soluble vitamins are ones which will not be stored in

A

Adipose tissue

27
Q

What are examples of Water-soluble vitamins?

A

B vitamins and Vitamin C

28
Q

Fat-soluble vitamins will be stored in

A

Adipose tissue

29
Q

What are examples of Fat-soluble vitamins?

A

Vitamins A, D, E, K

30
Q

Bacterial flora can synthesize

A

B and K vitamins

31
Q

What kind of Micronutrients are Minerals?

A

Inorganic ions with diverse functions / essential

32
Q

Iodine is required for the production of

A

Thyroid gland

33
Q

Basal Metabolic Rate is the

A

Amount of energy body uses when an individual is at rest

34
Q

BMR varies due to

A
  • Age
  • Body mass
  • Gender
  • Hormone levels
35
Q

The Total Metabolic Rate takes into account

A

The energy needed for rest and physical activity

36
Q

TMR varies due to

A
  • Physical activity
  • Food intake
  • Environmental conditions
37
Q

Geralin is a hormone which makes us

A

Feel hungry

38
Q

Geralin is produced when

A

Body does not get adequate sleep

39
Q

Inadequate sleep causes for the production of less

A

Lactin

40
Q

Absorptive state is the state

A

Right after you eat and the 4 hours afterwards

41
Q

What happens during the Absorptive state?

A

Food is broken down, blood sugar goes up, insulin brings it down

42
Q

Post-Absorptive state is the state

A

After digestion has happened

43
Q

What happens during the Post-Absorptive state?

A

Glucagon levels are regulating nutrients

Anatomy (46 decks)

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