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Anatomy > Pregnancy > Flashcards

Pregnancy Flashcards

1
Q

Pregnancy refers to the events that

A

Occur from fertilization to birth

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2
Q

Day 1 of pregnancy is the time from

A

The first period

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3
Q

Fertilization refers to the events that turn the egg into a

A

Zygote

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4
Q

Oocyte is viable for

A

12-24 hours

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5
Q

Sperm is viable for

A

24-48 hours, but can last in the tract for up to 5 days

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6
Q

For fertilization to occur, sperm must be

A

Capacitated before penetration

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7
Q

Capacitation of sperm occurs when it

A

Comes across secretions in the tract

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8
Q

Capacitation allows for the weakening of the

A

Acrosomal membrane

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9
Q

The acrosome is found at the head of the sperm and contains

A

Hydrolytic enzymes (help for digestion of hole)

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10
Q

What happens during the Acrosomal Reaction?

A

Acrosomal enzymes break down the linings of the egg by going through corona and binding to zona

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11
Q

Zygote travels down fallopian tube and into the uterus in the span of

A

5-6 days

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12
Q

Cleavage occurs when

A

Zygote is on the way to the uterus

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13
Q

What is Cleavage?

A

Rapid mitotic division without intervening growth

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14
Q

In the single cell stage, the cell is a

A

Zygote

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15
Q

The Morula is the

A

Solid ball of blastomeres (3 days)

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16
Q

The Early Blastocyst is when the

A

Morula hollows out and fills with fluid

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17
Q

How is the Blastocyst that implants in the uterine lining?

A

It is a sphere of trophoblast cells and inner cell mass

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18
Q

What is the Blastocyst?

A

Pre-embryo that forms as its getting closer to uterus

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19
Q

Trophoblast cells release a hormone which

A

Signals ovaries to maintain corpus luteum

20
Q

Implantation is completed by

A

12th day post-ovulation

21
Q

Placentation is the

A

Formation of the placenta

22
Q

Placentation is done with the contribution of

A

Embryonic and maternal material

23
Q

What is the Placenta’s endocrine function?

A

It produces hormones to maintain pregnancy, lactation, and childbirth

24
Q

The Placenta allows for the exchange of

A

Nutrients, gases, and waste for embryo

25
Q

Embryonic stage lasts for

A

8 weeks

26
Q

The reproductive system develops in what stage?

A

Embryonic stage

27
Q

What determines the gender of the embryo?

A

Region on Y chromosome called the SRY Gene

28
Q

What happens when the SRY region is activated?

A

There is a male-developmental pathway

29
Q

What is Antigen Sensitivity?

A

A person has external genitalia that is female but internal is more mixed

30
Q

How does Antigen Sensitivity happen?

A

XY and producing testosterone, but there are no receptors on cells to respond to that testosterone

31
Q

Embryo has undifferentiated gonads around

A

6 weeks

32
Q

Both testes and ovaries develop from

A

Common, undifferentiated structures called genital ridges

33
Q

Primordial stem cells have origin in the

A

Yolk Sac

34
Q

During embryonic development, cells migrate from yolk sac to the embryo and settle in

A

The genital ridge, differentiating between oogonia and spermatogonia

35
Q

Early Embryonic Development has two sets of ducts:

A
  • Wolffian: Develop into male stuff

- Mullerian: Develop into female

36
Q

The Mullerian duct is activated when there is

A

No SRY Gene

37
Q

What happens when the SRY Gene is activated?

A

Release of anti-Mullerian hormone which disintegrates Mullerian ducts and promotes development of Wolffian Ducts

38
Q

Different ducts are precursors to the

A

Shape of genitalia

39
Q

What happens at 5 months (fetal stage)?

A

Genital swelling either develops into scrotum or the labia majora

40
Q

Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome occurs when there is a

A

Mutation in the gene for the androgen receptor, so is insensitive to testosterone and other androgens

41
Q

Fetal Development ranges from

A

Week 8 until birth

42
Q

What is significant about Fetal Development?

A

Organs are in place but they are not developed (Embryo still is not viable)

43
Q

The first trimester lasts from

A

6 to 12 weeks

44
Q

The second trimester lasts from

A

13 to 28 weeks

45
Q

The third trimester lasts from

A

29 to 40 weeks

Anatomy (46 decks)

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