Urinary System II

Question 1

25% of total cardiac output gets sent to

Answer 1

The kidneys every minute

Question 2

Blood goes into the kidney via

Answer 2

Renal artery

Question 3

The renal artery branches into

Answer 3

Segmental arteries

Question 4

The Segmental arteries branch into

Answer 4

Interlobar arteries

Question 5

Interlobar arteries run into

Answer 5

Arcuate arteries (run along border of cortex and medulla)

Question 6

Arcuate arteries branch off into

Answer 6

Cortical radiate arteries

Question 7

Afferent arterioles come off the cortical radiate arteries and run into

Answer 7

The glomeruli

Question 8

Filtered blood from the afferent arteriole leaves via

Answer 8

Efferent arteriole

Question 9

The Efferent arteriole runs into a

Answer 9

Peritubular capillary bed (surrounds the nephrons)

Question 10

Juxtaglomerular nephron has the vasa recta, which

Answer 10

Runs around proximal convoluted tubule down next to nephron loops

Question 11

Body reclaims water, salt, and glucose via

Answer 11

The renal tube

Question 12

How does blood leave the kidney?

Answer 12

Goes through cortical radiate veins, into arcuate vein and then out through renal vein

Question 13

Filtrate is what is

Answer 13

Initially formed when blood enters kidney

Question 14

Urine is when

Answer 14

Filtrate leaves collecting duct and enters renal pelvis

Question 15

Urine Formation happens in the

Answer 15

Nephron

Question 16

Urine formation starts when

Answer 16

Blood gets filtered into nephron and until it moves into renal pelvis

Question 17

What are the three steps of Urine Formation?

Answer 17

• Filtration
• Absorption
• Secretion

Question 18

Filtration is the stage in which

Answer 18

Components of the blood plasma get filtered in the renal corpuscle

Question 19

Filtrate collects where before moving to the renal tubule?

Answer 19

In the capsular space

Question 20

Stuff that did not make it into filtrate leaves the capillary bed via the

Answer 20

Efferent arteriole

Question 21

Filtrate does not have

Answer 21

Blood cells or plasma proteins

Question 22

Reabsorption is the stage at which

Answer 22

Materials of filtrate get reclaimed by the body

Question 23

What does the body reabsorb?

Answer 23

Water, glucose, AAs

Question 24

Secretion is the stage at which

Answer 24

We put stuff into filtrate that was not there initially

Question 25

Secretion is how we get rid of

Answer 25

Drugs / Excess ions

Question 26

Absorption and Secretion occur in

Answer 26

The Nephron Loop

Question 27

Glomerular Filtration is what kind of process?

Answer 27

Passive

Question 28

What causes for filtrate to form?

Answer 28

The pressure of blood against the walls of glomerulus pushes fluid through

Question 29

Filtrate gets pushed through what of the glomerulus?

Answer 29

Filtration membrane

Question 30

Bowman’s Capsule has visceral layer which lines around the

Answer 30

Capillaries

Question 31

The Filtration Membrane of the Glomerulus has

Answer 31

Fenestrated capillaries

Question 32

What are the layers of the Filtration Membrane of the Glomerulus?

Answer 32

- Capillary endothelium - Basement membrane - Filtration slits

Question 33

The Capillary Endothelium of the Filtration Membrane allows for

Answer 33

Everything but large proteins to come in due to its openings

Question 34

The Capillary Endothelium prevents the entrance of

Answer 34

Formed elements and large plasma proteins

Question 35

What is the function of the Filtration Membrane's Basement Membrane?

Answer 35

It blocks any proteins small enough to make through fenestrations, like medium-sized ones

Question 36

The Filtration Slits of the Filtration Membrane act as the

Answer 36

Final barrier by keeping even the smallest proteins out

Question 37

The only components of the filtrate are components of

Answer 37

The blood plasma minus the plasma proteins

Question 38

Albumin is protein which allows for the

Answer 38

Maintenance of osmotic pressure in the blood

Question 39

What happens if the proteins did end up leaving the blood?

Answer 39

Water would follow, resulting in lowered blood pressure

Question 40

The rate at which filtrate forms and how much depends on the

Answer 40

Balance between blood pressure against capillaries and forces pushing in opposite direction

Question 41

Which arteriole has a wider diameter?

Answer 41

Afferent diameter

Question 42

What drives movement of filtrate into capsular space?

Answer 42

The pressure / large diameter of the afferent diameter

Question 43

Filtration occurs if

Answer 43

The pressure that promotes filtration is greater than the sum of pressures that oppose it

Question 44

What is the force that is the driving fluid into glomerulus?

Answer 44

Glomerular hydrostatic pressure

Question 45

How does the glomerular hydrostatic pressure drive fluid into the golmerulus?

Answer 45

It pushes blood against capillary, pushing fluid through

Question 46

The glomerular hydrostatic pressure is approximately

Answer 46

55mmHg

Question 47

There are forces that aim to

Answer 47

Oppose formation of filtrate and work to keep fluid in the glomerulus

Question 48

What are the forces that oppose formation of filtrate?

Answer 48

- Colloid Osmotic Pressure | - Hydrostatic pressure in capsular space

Question 49

The Colloid Osmotic Pressure is the

Answer 49

Pressure of solutes in blood

Question 50

How does the Colloid Osmotic Pressure function?

Answer 50

It pulls fluid back into glomerulus

Question 51

Hydrostatic pressure in capsular space is due to the

Answer 51

Presence of already formed filtrate