Urinary System Flashcards
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What is the function of the urinary system?
- Eliminates metabolic waste and biologically active molecules
- Regulates ion levels, bp, and acid-base balance
- Produces important hormones like calcitriol and erythropoietin
Erythropoietin is an hormone that
Stimulates blood cell production
PTH stimulates
Osteoclast activity
PTH stimulates
Osteoclast activity
PTH stimulates the kidneys to
Produce calcitriol
The Kidney is a group of paired organs covered by the
Adrenal gland
What brings blood into the kidney?
Renal artery
What takes blood away from the kidney?
Renal vein
What is the function of the Ureter?
They transport urine from kidney to the bladder
What is the function of the Ureter?
They transport urine from kidney to the bladder
What is the function of the Urinary bladder?
It stores bladder until ready for excretion
The Urethra is a tube which
Delivers urine from bladder to outside of the body
The sperm is transported via
Urethra
What are the connective tissues of the kidney?
- Renal Fascia
- Perirenal Fat Capsule
- Fibrous Capsule
The Renal Fascia is the outermost tissue that
Anchors adrenal glands to the kidney
What is the function of the Renal Fascia?
It is dense connective tissue that anchors kidneys to organs
The Perirenal Fat Capsule is what
Surrounds the kidneys
What is the function of the Perirenal Fat Capsule?
Provides cushioning / support / stabilization
What does the Fibrous Capsule prevent?
The spread of infectious pathogens
What does the Fibrous Capsule prevent?
The spread of infectious pathogens
What are the three main regions of the Kidney?
- Renal Cortex
- Renal Medulla
- Renal Pelvis
The Renal Cortex is the
Outermost layer of the kidney
The Renal Medulla has structures that
Make urine
The Renal Medulla has structures that
Make urine
The Renal Pelvis is where
Urine is stored
What is the function of the Renal Pelvis?
It sends urine down the ureters
The Nephron is the structural unit of the Kidney that
Helps in urine formation
The first part of the nephron is the
Renal Corpuscle
The Renal Corpuscle contains
Glomerulus and glomerular capsule / Bowman’s Capsule
The Renal Tubule of the Nephron has
Three sections
What are the three sections of the Renal Tubule?
- Proximal convoluted tubule
- nephron loop
- Distal convoluted tubule
What is the Glomerulus?
Capillary bed where blood gets filtered
The Glomerulus is surrounded by the
Bowman’s Capsule
The Glomerulus is made of
Fenestrated capillaries
What is the function of the Fenestrated capillaries of the Glomerulus?
Allows for blood to get filtered and collect into Glomerular Space and move into proximal convoluted tubule
What brings blood into the Glomerulus?
Afferent arteriole
How does blood move through the nephron?
arteriole → capillary bed → arteriole → capillary bed → vein
The Glomerular Capsule has a layer that
Lies on top of capillaries
The Proximal Convoluted Tubules allow for
Things to get added and removed out of filtrate
Blood gets filtered and collects in
The Bowman’s Capsule
What are two types of Nephrons?
- Cortical
- Juxtamedullary
What are two types of Nephrons?
- Cortical
- Juxtamedullary
The Cortical Nephron is one that has a
Shorter Nephron Loop
The Juxtamedullary Nephron is one that has a
Longer Nephron Loop
Where is the Capsule in the Cortical Nephron?
Farther up in the cortex
Where is the Capsule in the Juxtamedullary Nephron?
Next to the medulla
A Longer nephron loop contains
More concentrated urine
Collecting ducts give the medulla its
Striped appearance
Multiple nephrons drain into
Collecting ducts
What happens before filtrate becomes urine?
Ducts do final adjustment of filtrate
The collecting ducts allow us to control
How much we pee
Ducts have aquaporins which allow for
Water to move across the plasma membrane
Facultative water absorption only happens when
Conditions are right
Drinking alcohol interferes with the
Release of antidiuretic hormones
What happens when there is an interference with the release of antidiuretic hormones?
Body does not get signal to insert aquaporins, preventing water from being transported
When dehydrated, the body releases
Antidiuretic hormones
Antidiuretic hormones get inserted and allow for
Water to get absorbed by the capillaries
The Juxtaglomerular Apparatus is a collection of
Specialized cells that regulate filtration rate
The Juxtaglomerular Apparatus regulates filtrate rate via
Adjusting diameter of afferent arteriole
The diameter of the afferent arteriole determines
How much blood is flowing into the glomerulus
