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Anatomy > Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

The blood is made of

A

Plasma + Formed elements

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2
Q

What is the plasma?

A

The fluid matrix of blood

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3
Q

What are the formed elements of blood?

A

Living blood “cells” in the plasma

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4
Q

What are examples of formed elements?

A
  • Leukocytes
  • Erythrocytes
  • Platelets
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5
Q

What does blood deliver to body cells?

A

O2 and nutrients

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6
Q

What does blood deliver to lungs and kidneys?

A

Metabolic wastes for elimination

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7
Q

What does blood transport from endocrine organs to target organs?

A

Hormones

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8
Q

How does blood regulate body temperature?

A

It absorbs and redistributes heat

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9
Q

How does blood regulate body pH?

A

It contains buffers which prevent excessive change in pH

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10
Q

How does blood maintain fluid balance?

A

It has plasma proteins which exert osmotic pressure to prevent fluid loss from blood vessels in to tissue space

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11
Q

How is blood loss prevented?

A

Via plasma proteins and platelets, which initiate clot formation

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12
Q

What prevents infections in the blood?

A
  • Anitbodies
  • Leukocytes
  • Complement proteins
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13
Q

Break down the components of plasma by percentage:

A
  • Water (92%)
  • Proteins (7%)
  • Other solutes (1%)
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14
Q

Which proteins are found in plasma?

A
  • Albumin
  • Globulin
  • Fibrinogen
  • Regulatory proteins
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15
Q

What is the buffy coat of blood made of?

A

Platelets + Leukocytes

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16
Q

What is Hematopoeisis?

A

The formation of blood cellular components

17
Q

During Hematopoeisis, a Myeloid stem cell can differentiate into:

A
  • Platelets
  • Erythrocytes
  • Basophils
  • Eosinophils
  • Neutrophils
  • Monocytes
18
Q

During Hematopoeisis, a Lymphoid stem cell can differentiate into:

A

Lymphocytes

19
Q

Describe the look of Erythrocytes

A
  • Biconcave
  • Anucleate
  • Filled with hemoglobin
20
Q

Erythropoesis is the process which

A

Produces red blood cells

21
Q

What is the stimulus for Erythropoesis?

A

Decreased blood oxygen levels

22
Q

What is the receptor for Erythropoesis?

A

The kidney detected the low blood oxygen levels

23
Q

What is the control center action for Erythropoesis?

A

The kidney cells release EPO into the blood

24
Q

What happens when EPO is released in Erythropoesis?

A

Red bone marrow production is stimulated to increase the rate of Erythropoesis

25
Q

What are the three types of granulocytes?

A
  • Neutrophils
  • Eosinophils
  • Basophils
26
Q

What are the two types of granules?

A
  • Lymphocytes

- Monocytes

27
Q

What is the function of platelets?

A

They form a temporary platelet plug that seals breaks in blood vessels

28
Q

Platelets circulate in their inactive phase and degenerate in about

A

10 days

29
Q

What is hemostasis?

A

The process which prevents and stops bleeding

30
Q

What are the stages of hemostasis?

A
  • Vascular spasm
  • Platelet plug formation
  • Coagulation phase
31
Q

What happens during vascular spasm?

A

The blood vessel constricts to limit blood escape

32
Q

What happens during platelet plug formation?

A

Platelets arrive at site of injury and stick to the exposed collagen fibers

33
Q

What happens during the coagulation phase?

A

Inactive proteins are converted to their active forms and fibrin strands of a blood clot form

34
Q

Type A blood has what antigen and antibodies?

A

Antigen: A
Antibody: Anti-B

35
Q

Type B blood has what antigen and antibodies?

A

Antigen: B
Antibody: Anti-A

36
Q

Type O blood has what antigen and antibodies?

A

Antigen: None
Antibody: Anti-A, Anti-B

37
Q

Type AB blood has what antigen and antibodies?

A

Antigen: A and B
Antibody: None

Anatomy (46 decks)

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