Lecture 1 Flashcards
The blood is made of
Plasma + Formed elements
What is the plasma?
The fluid matrix of blood
What are the formed elements of blood?
Living blood “cells” in the plasma
What are examples of formed elements?
- Leukocytes
- Erythrocytes
- Platelets
What does blood deliver to body cells?
O2 and nutrients
What does blood deliver to lungs and kidneys?
Metabolic wastes for elimination
What does blood transport from endocrine organs to target organs?
Hormones
How does blood regulate body temperature?
It absorbs and redistributes heat
How does blood regulate body pH?
It contains buffers which prevent excessive change in pH
How does blood maintain fluid balance?
It has plasma proteins which exert osmotic pressure to prevent fluid loss from blood vessels in to tissue space
How is blood loss prevented?
Via plasma proteins and platelets, which initiate clot formation
What prevents infections in the blood?
- Anitbodies
- Leukocytes
- Complement proteins
Break down the components of plasma by percentage:
- Water (92%)
- Proteins (7%)
- Other solutes (1%)
Which proteins are found in plasma?
- Albumin
- Globulin
- Fibrinogen
- Regulatory proteins
What is the buffy coat of blood made of?
Platelets + Leukocytes
What is Hematopoeisis?
The formation of blood cellular components
During Hematopoeisis, a Myeloid stem cell can differentiate into:
- Platelets
- Erythrocytes
- Basophils
- Eosinophils
- Neutrophils
- Monocytes
During Hematopoeisis, a Lymphoid stem cell can differentiate into:
Lymphocytes
Describe the look of Erythrocytes
- Biconcave
- Anucleate
- Filled with hemoglobin
Erythropoesis is the process which
Produces red blood cells
What is the stimulus for Erythropoesis?
Decreased blood oxygen levels
What is the receptor for Erythropoesis?
The kidney detected the low blood oxygen levels
What is the control center action for Erythropoesis?
The kidney cells release EPO into the blood
What happens when EPO is released in Erythropoesis?
Red bone marrow production is stimulated to increase the rate of Erythropoesis
