The Immune System Flashcards
What are the two categories of Innate Defenses?
- Surface Barriers
- Internal Defenses
What are the two types of Surface Barriers?
- Skin
- Mucus Membrane
What are the three types of Internal Defenses?
- Cells
- Chemicals
- Physiological Responses
What are the two categories of Adaptive Defenses?
- Humoral Immunity
- Cellular Immunity
Humoral Immunity consists of
B cells
Cellular Immunity consists of
T cells
The first line of defense is the
Innate System
What kind of barriers does the skin form?
- Physical
- Chemical
- Biological
How does skin form a physical barrier?
Its stratified squamous epithelium creates a physical barrier
How does skin form a chemical barrier?
It has secretions of sweat and sebaceous glands
How does skin form a biological barrier?
It has dendritic cells and microflora
The respiratory system has modifications to
Stop pathogens
What are the modifications of the respiratory system?
- Mucus-coated hairs in nose
- Cilia of upper respiratory tract
- coughing/sneezing
What are the nonspecific cells of the adaptive immune system?
- Phagocytes
- Natural Killer Cells
- Eosinophils
What are Phagocytes?
WBCs that ingest and digest foreign invaders
What are examples of Phagocytes?
- Neutrophils
- Macrophages
- Dendritic cells
What are Natural Killer Cells?
Non-phagocytic lymphocytes that patrol blood and lymph
What is the function of Natural Killer Cells?
They eliminate virus and bacteria-infected cells, along with tumor cells
Natural Killer Cells initiate apoptosis, how?
They release cytotoxic chemicals like perforin and granzymes
Eosinophils are nonspecific cells that respond to
Parasitic infections
Antimicrobial proteins / chemicals are innate defenses which
Attack microorganisms directly or hinder their ability to reproduce
What are two types of antimicrobial proteins?
- Interferons
- Complement proteins
Inflammation is an innate physiological response in which there is
Redness, heat, swelling, pain
During tissue injury, what are released?
Chemical signals (like histamine)
