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Anatomy > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Alimentary Canal (GI Tract)?

A

Hollow, one-way tube that goes from the mouth to the anus

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2
Q

In the digestive system, the pharynx goes into

A

Esophagus

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3
Q

What is the Esophagus?

A

Tube that connects down to stomach

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4
Q

The stomach churns food and releases it into the

A

Small intestine

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5
Q

What is the longest part of the GI tract?

A

Small intestine

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6
Q

The Large Intestine is where

A
  • Water gets reabsorbed

- Most of bacteria gut is located

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7
Q

Jellyfish and sea anemones have a

A

Two way digestive system

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8
Q

Accessory organs are connected to the GI Tract via

A

Ducts

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9
Q

How do Accessory organs aid in digestion?

A

They use enzymes to break down food

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10
Q

The function of the Tongue is to

A

Form food into a bolus

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11
Q

Salivary glands produce about

A

1 - 1.5L of saliva on the daily

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12
Q

What are the three types of salivary glands?

A
  • Parotid gland
  • Sublingual gland
  • Submandibular gland
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13
Q

In the endocrine system, the Pancreas is where

A

Insulin and glucagon are made

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14
Q

In the digestive system, the Pancreas is what

A

Makes digestive enzymes which are deposited into the small intestine

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15
Q

What kind of cavity is the Digestive tract?

A

Open body cavity

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16
Q

In the mouth, the mucus membrane is lined by

A

Stratified squamous epithelial cells

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17
Q

Ingestion happens in the

A

Mouth

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18
Q

Propulsion / Mobility are the stages which describe

A

How food moves through GI tract

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19
Q

What is Peristalsis?

A

Waves of smooth muscle contraction that happen as soon food is swallowed

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20
Q

What happens during Peristalsis?

A

Smooth muscle lining the esophagus will do alternating contraction and relaxation

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21
Q

What is the primary means of motility of food through GI tract?

A

Peristalsis

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22
Q

What is Segmentation?

A

Kind of mixing that helps increase absorption of nutrients and propels things through

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23
Q

What are two types of Propulsion / Mobility?

A
  • Peristalsis

- Segmentation

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24
Q

What is Absorption?

A

Process of food moving from lumen of GI tract into blood

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25
Q

What is Defecation?

A

Body gets rid of solid waste that did not get absorbed

26
Q

What are the four layers of the GI Tract wall?

A
  • Mucosa
  • Submucosa
  • Muscularis Externa
  • Serosa
27
Q

What is the Mucosa?

A

Innermost layer that lines the lumen

28
Q

What does the Mucosa secrete?

A

Mucus, enzymes, and hormones like Leptin (which signals if we are full or not)

29
Q

What is found in the Submucosa?

A

A network of blood vessels, lymph vessels, and nerves

30
Q

The Muscularis Externa is the smooth muscle layer which contains

A
  • Longitudinal Layer

- Circular Layer

31
Q

The Muscularis Externa is what allows for

A

Peralstalsis

32
Q

Which layer of the stomach allows for it to churn?

A

Its oblique layer

33
Q

The Upper GI tract stops at the

A

Stomach

34
Q

The tongue is made of

A

Skeletal muscle

35
Q

The Lingual Frenulum is what allows for the

A

Attachment of tongue to floor of mouth

36
Q

Which enzymes begin chemical digestion in the mouth via salivary glands?

A

Salivary amylase and Lingual Lipase

37
Q

Amylase is an enzyme which

A

Initiates chemical breakdown of starches

38
Q

Lipase is an enzyme which

A

Starts the breaking down of lipids

39
Q

Teeth are made of

A

Dentin

40
Q

The root of a tooth is embedded in the gum and has

A

Blood vessels and nerves

41
Q

What are the four types of teeth?

A
  • Incisors
  • Canines
  • Premolars
  • Molars
42
Q

Gingivitis is when

A

Plaque calcifies to form calculus

43
Q

Periodontitis is when

A

Gums recede and lose teeth

44
Q

Deglutition is the

A

Process of swallowing

45
Q

What happens during the Buccal Phase?

A

Upper esophageal sphincter is contracted

46
Q

What happens when bolus of food enters oropharynx?

A

The sphincter opens

47
Q

What happens during the Pharyngeal-esophageal Phase?

A

Uvula has risen up and blocks entrance to the nasopharynx

48
Q

Bolus starts to move down the esophagus when

A

Upper esophageal sphincter is closed

49
Q

Gastroesophageal sphincter in stomach opens when

A

Bolus of food reaches stomach

50
Q

What happens when the Gastroesophageal sphincter does not do its job?

A

There is Heartburn / Acid Reflex

51
Q

What is the Cardia of the Stomach?

A

Narrow area where esophagus is continuous with stomach

52
Q

What is the Fundus of the Stomach?

A

Upper dome-shaped area

53
Q

What are the three layers of the stomach’s Muscularis Externa?

A
  • Longitudinal Layer
  • Circular Layer
  • Oblique Layer
54
Q

The Mucosa layer of the stomach has

A

Rugae, which will unfold and allow for the increase in stomach volume

55
Q

What produces gastric juice in the stomach?

A

The gastric glands found in the gastric pits of the Mucosa layer

56
Q

Pyloric sphincter stays

A

Closed most of the time

57
Q

How long does it take for the stomach to empty?

A

2-4 hours

58
Q

The stomach empties slowly via

A

Pyloric sphincter, with little bits at a time

59
Q

What are the two types of cells found in the stomach’s Mucosa layer?

A
  • Parietal Cells

- Chief Cells

60
Q

What is the function of the Parietal Cells?

A

They secrete HCl and intrinsic factors

Anatomy (46 decks)

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