Digestive System

Question 1

What is the Alimentary Canal (GI Tract)?

Answer 1

Hollow, one-way tube that goes from the mouth to the anus

Question 2

In the digestive system, the pharynx goes into

Answer 2

Esophagus

Question 3

What is the Esophagus?

Answer 3

Tube that connects down to stomach

Question 4

The stomach churns food and releases it into the

Answer 4

Small intestine

Question 5

What is the longest part of the GI tract?

Answer 5

Small intestine

Question 6

The Large Intestine is where

Answer 6

• Water gets reabsorbed

- Most of bacteria gut is located

Question 7

Jellyfish and sea anemones have a

Answer 7

Two way digestive system

Question 8

Accessory organs are connected to the GI Tract via

Answer 8

Ducts

Question 9

How do Accessory organs aid in digestion?

Answer 9

They use enzymes to break down food

Question 10

The function of the Tongue is to

Answer 10

Form food into a bolus

Question 11

Salivary glands produce about

Answer 11

1 - 1.5L of saliva on the daily

Question 12

What are the three types of salivary glands?

Answer 12

• Parotid gland
• Sublingual gland
• Submandibular gland

Question 13

In the endocrine system, the Pancreas is where

Answer 13

Insulin and glucagon are made

Question 14

In the digestive system, the Pancreas is what

Answer 14

Makes digestive enzymes which are deposited into the small intestine

Question 15

What kind of cavity is the Digestive tract?

Answer 15

Open body cavity

Question 16

In the mouth, the mucus membrane is lined by

Answer 16

Stratified squamous epithelial cells

Question 17

Ingestion happens in the

Answer 17

Mouth

Question 18

Propulsion / Mobility are the stages which describe

Answer 18

How food moves through GI tract

Question 19

What is Peristalsis?

Answer 19

Waves of smooth muscle contraction that happen as soon food is swallowed

Question 20

What happens during Peristalsis?

Answer 20

Smooth muscle lining the esophagus will do alternating contraction and relaxation

Question 21

What is the primary means of motility of food through GI tract?

Answer 21

Peristalsis

Question 22

What is Segmentation?

Answer 22

Kind of mixing that helps increase absorption of nutrients and propels things through

Question 23

What are two types of Propulsion / Mobility?

Answer 23

• Peristalsis

- Segmentation

Question 24

What is Absorption?

Answer 24

Process of food moving from lumen of GI tract into blood

Question 25

What is Defecation?

Answer 25

Body gets rid of solid waste that did not get absorbed

Question 26

What are the four layers of the GI Tract wall?

Answer 26

- Mucosa - Submucosa - Muscularis Externa - Serosa

Question 27

What is the Mucosa?

Answer 27

Innermost layer that lines the lumen

Question 28

What does the Mucosa secrete?

Answer 28

Mucus, enzymes, and hormones like Leptin (which signals if we are full or not)

Question 29

What is found in the Submucosa?

Answer 29

A network of blood vessels, lymph vessels, and nerves

Question 30

The Muscularis Externa is the smooth muscle layer which contains

Answer 30

- Longitudinal Layer | - Circular Layer

Question 31

The Muscularis Externa is what allows for

Answer 31

Peralstalsis

Question 32

Which layer of the stomach allows for it to churn?

Answer 32

Its oblique layer

Question 33

The Upper GI tract stops at the

Answer 33

Stomach

Question 34

The tongue is made of

Answer 34

Skeletal muscle

Question 35

The Lingual Frenulum is what allows for the

Answer 35

Attachment of tongue to floor of mouth

Question 36

Which enzymes begin chemical digestion in the mouth via salivary glands?

Answer 36

Salivary amylase and Lingual Lipase

Question 37

Amylase is an enzyme which

Answer 37

Initiates chemical breakdown of starches

Question 38

Lipase is an enzyme which

Answer 38

Starts the breaking down of lipids

Question 39

Teeth are made of

Answer 39

Dentin

Question 40

The root of a tooth is embedded in the gum and has

Answer 40

Blood vessels and nerves

Question 41

What are the four types of teeth?

Answer 41

- Incisors - Canines - Premolars - Molars

Question 42

Gingivitis is when

Answer 42

Plaque calcifies to form calculus

Question 43

Periodontitis is when

Answer 43

Gums recede and lose teeth

Question 44

Deglutition is the

Answer 44

Process of swallowing

Question 45

What happens during the Buccal Phase?

Answer 45

Upper esophageal sphincter is contracted

Question 46

What happens when bolus of food enters oropharynx?

Answer 46

The sphincter opens

Question 47

What happens during the Pharyngeal-esophageal Phase?

Answer 47

Uvula has risen up and blocks entrance to the nasopharynx

Question 48

Bolus starts to move down the esophagus when

Answer 48

Upper esophageal sphincter is closed

Question 49

Gastroesophageal sphincter in stomach opens when

Answer 49

Bolus of food reaches stomach

Question 50

What happens when the Gastroesophageal sphincter does not do its job?

Answer 50

There is Heartburn / Acid Reflex

Question 51

What is the Cardia of the Stomach?

Answer 51

Narrow area where esophagus is continuous with stomach

Question 52

What is the Fundus of the Stomach?

Answer 52

Upper dome-shaped area

Question 53

What are the three layers of the stomach's Muscularis Externa?

Answer 53

- Longitudinal Layer - Circular Layer - Oblique Layer

Question 54

The Mucosa layer of the stomach has

Answer 54

Rugae, which will unfold and allow for the increase in stomach volume

Question 55

What produces gastric juice in the stomach?

Answer 55

The gastric glands found in the gastric pits of the Mucosa layer

Question 56

Pyloric sphincter stays

Answer 56

Closed most of the time

Question 57

How long does it take for the stomach to empty?

Answer 57

2-4 hours

Question 58

The stomach empties slowly via

Answer 58

Pyloric sphincter, with little bits at a time

Question 59

What are the two types of cells found in the stomach's Mucosa layer?

Answer 59

- Parietal Cells | - Chief Cells

Question 60

What is the function of the Parietal Cells?

Answer 60

They secrete HCl and intrinsic factors