Respiratory system Flashcards
The Upper Respiratory Tract consists of
- Nose
- Nasal Cavity
- Pharynx
In the Respiratory mucosa, the cilia move
Contaminated mucus posteriorly to throat
The Respiratory mucosa warms inspired air with the use of
Capillaries and veins
What triggers sneezing in the Respiratory mucosa?
Sensory nerve ending
What are the three parts of the Pharynx?
- Nasopharynx
- Oropharynx
- Laryngopharynx
What is the Nasopharynx?
Airway posterior to nasal cavity
What happens to the Nasopharynx during swallowing?
It is closed by the soft palate and uvula
What is the Oropharynx?
Passageway for food and air
What is the Laryngopharynx?
Passageway for food and air
The Laryngopharynx is continuous with
Larynx and esophagus
The Lower Respiratory Tract consists of
- Larynx
- Trachea
- Bronchi
The Larynx is attached to the
Hypoid Bone
The Larynx opens up into the
Laryngopharynx
The Larynx is continuous with the
Trachea
What is the function of the Larynx?
- Provides patent airway
- Routes air and food
- Voice production
The Trachea is known as the
Windpipe
The Trachea wall is composed of
Three layers
The innermost wall of the Trachea contains
Ciliated epithelium with goblet cells
What contracts during coughing to expel mucus?
Trachealis
What is the Carina?
Point where trachea branches into two main bronchi
What is the Pleura?
The serous membrane that lines the outer surfaces of the lung and adjacent internal thoracic wall
What are the steps of Respiration?
- Pulmonary Ventilation
- Alveolar Gas Exchange
- Gas Transport
- Systemic Gas Exchange
What does Boyle’s Law State and what is it?
The pressure of a gas varies inversely with its volume
P1V1 = P2V2
What are the two mechanics of respiration?
- Inspiration
- Expiration
What happens to the diaphragm during inspiration?
It contracts
What happens to the ribs during inspiration?
They are elevated
What in the brain has control over breathing?
Cerebral cortex
What are the respiratory centers in the brain?
- Medulla
- Pons
Dalton’s Law communicates the idea of
Partial pressure
Henry’s Law states that
The solubility of gas in a liquid depends on:
- The partial pressure of the gas in the air
- The solubility coefficient of the gas in the liquid
CO2 is more soluble than
O2
O2 is more soluble than
N2
Alveolar gas exchange happens
Across the respiratory membrane
Alveolar gas exchange is influenced by
- Thickness and surface area of respiratory membrane
- Partial pressure gradients
- Gas solubilities
How is O2 carried in the blood?
- About 2% in plasma
- About 98% bound to each Fe of hemoglobin
How is CO2 transported in the blood?
- About 7-10% dissolved in plasma
- 20% bound to globin of hemoglobin
- 70% as bicarbonate ions in plasma
