03/04 Flashcards
What is the function of the Respiratory System?
- Air passageway
- Site of gas exchange
- Detection of odors
- Sound production
The nasal cavity is lined with
A mucus lining that has olfactory cells
The Respiratory System can be organized
- Structurally
- Functionally
What are parts of the upper respiratory tract?
Nose, nasal cavity, and pharynx
What are parts of the lower respiratory tract?
Larynx, Trachea, Lungs
The smallest branch is called the
Respiratory bronchiole
The Respiratory bronchiole contain alveoli which allow for
Gas exchange
The Respiratory system is lined by
Mucous Membranes
The Mucous Membranes contain a
Epithelial layer and connective tissue layer
How is the thickness in areas like nasal cavity and trachea?
Thick due to thicker cells
The Alveoli is made of
Simple squamous epithelial cells
Why is it important that the Alveoli has Simple squamous epithelial cells?
These cells allow for gas exchange to happen via diffusion
What is the function of the nose?
- Moistens and warms the entering air
- Filters and cleans the inspired air
- Houses olfactory receptors
In what kind of environment does gas exchange happen in?
A moist environment since gas needs to diffuse as a fluid
Olfactory receptors are especially found in the
Nasal cavity
The nasal cavity is lined by
Two mucosal areas
What are the two mucosal areas that line the nasal cavity?
- Olfactory
- Respiratory
What happens within the Respiratory mucus area?
Ciliated epithelium traps and moves particles from the throat
The nasal cavity has sensory cells which
Trigger sneezing
The pharynx consists of
- Nasopharynx
- Oropharynx
- Laryngopharynx
The Nasopharynx is the
Uppermost region of the pharynx
What is the Nasopharynx area?
From the back of the nasal cavity, past the palate and down the uvula
What happens when you swallow?
The soft palate and uvula close up the air passageway
The Oropharynx is the area which ranges from
The soft palate, uvula, epiglottis
What is the Laryngopharynx?
Passageway for food and air
The Laryngopharynx extends down to the
Larynx
What does the epiglottis do when food is consumed?
Closes off the entrance to the trachea
The Larynx is attached to the
Hyoid bone
The Larynx is continuous with the
Trachea
Air will enter the larynx and move through down into the
Trachea
What is responsible for voice production?
The Larynx
Vocal cords are located in the
Larynx
The Trachea is the
Windpipe
The Trachea runs from
Larynx to primary bronchi to lungs
What is the function of the trachealis muscle?
It contracts when coughing
The trachealis muscle contracts when
Something goes down the trachea
What is the function of the Hyaline Cartilage in the Trachea?
Provides structure
What allows for SA in the lungs?
Bronchial branching
Terminal Bronchioles branch into
Respiratory bronchioles
The respiratory bronchioles lead into
Alveolar sacs
Terminal Bronchioles are lined by
Bands of smooth muscle, which contract and relax
What happens when the smooth muscle band across a terminal bronchiole contracts?
Restriction of opening
What happens when the smooth muscle band across a terminal bronchiole relaxes?
Air is allowed to come in
Hormones get released during SNS to
Dilate bronchioles
The inhaler for asthma allows for
The smooth muscles around bronchioles to relax
Where does gas exchange occur in the Alveoli?
In the respiratory membrane
The alveoli is surrounded by
Elastic fibers and capillaries
Alveoli are connected to one another via
Pores
Most Alveoli are made of
Type I Alveolar Cells
What kind of cells are Type I Alveolar Cells?
Simple squamous epithelial cells
What is the function of Type II Alveolar Cells?
They secrete surfactant, an oily fluid that will prevent alveoli from collapsing
Alveoli have macrophages which will
Phagocytize and clean up surface of alveoli
What happens when one has Pneumonia?
The buildup of fluid can interfere with gas exchange
Pneumonia causes for the
Thickening of respiratory membrane
Asthma allows for the
Increase of mucus production and inflammation of airways
