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biology: human anatomy mortuary science > urinary system > Flashcards

urinary system Flashcards

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1
Q

important functions of kidneys

A
  • maintain chemical consistency of blood
  • filter many liters of fluid from blood
  • send toxins, metabolic wastes and excess water out of body
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2
Q

main waster products are 3 nitrogenous compounds

A
  1. urea
  2. uric acid
  3. creatinine
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3
Q

organs of the urinary system

A
  • kidneys
  • ureters
  • urinary bladder
  • urethra
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4
Q
  • kidneys are red-brown in color
  • located retroperitoneally
  • -behind the peritoneum
  • lateral to T12-L3 vertebrae
A

location of kidneys

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5
Q
  • average kidney is 12cm tall, 6cm wide, 3cm thick
  • Hilum
  • concave surface
  • -vessels and nerves enter and exit
A

external anatomy of kidneys

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6
Q
  • capsule of dense connective tissue that surrounds the kidney
  • inhibits spread of infections
A

Fibrous capsule of the kidney

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7
Q

external to renal capsule

A

perirenal fat capsule of the kidney

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8
Q

external to perirenal fat capsule

-contains fat

A

Renal fascia

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9
Q
  • renal cortex
  • renal medulla
  • renal pelvis
A

frontal section through kidney

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10
Q

–superficial region, granular appearance

A

renal cortex

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11
Q

–cone-shaped renal pyramids

A

renal medulla

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12
Q
  • -major calices

- -minor calices

A

renal pelvis

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13
Q
  • renal arteries branch into segmental arteries
  • segmental arteries branch into interloper arteries
  • arcuate arteries branch form interloper arteries
A

gross vasculature of the kidney

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14
Q
  • the functional unit of the kidney
  • over 1 million ___ in each kidney
  • composed of renal tubule and renal corpuscle
A

Nephron

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15
Q

filtrate of blood leaves kidney capillaries

A

filtration

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16
Q

most nutrients, water, and essential ions reclaimed

A

resorption

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17
Q

active process of removing undesirable molecules

A

secretion

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18
Q

three major renal processes

A
  1. filtration
  2. resorption
  3. secretion
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19
Q
  • first part of nephron

- glomerulus nd glomerular capsule

A

renal corpuscle

20
Q

tuft of capillaries

-fenestrated

A

glomerulus

21
Q
  • parietal layer- simple squamous epithelium

- visceral layer- consists of podocytes

A

Glomerular capsule

22
Q
  • filter that lies between blood in the glomerulus and capsular space
  • consists of 3 layers
    1. fenestrated endothelium of the capillary
    2. filtration slits between foot processes of podocytes
    3. basement memebrane
A

filtration membrane

23
Q

-holds back most proteins
-allows passage of:
water, ions, glucose, amino acids, urea

A

basement membrane and slit diaphragm

24
Q
  • filtrate proceeds to renal tubules from glomerulus
  • proximal convoluted tubule
  • nephron loop
  • -descending limb
  • -descending thin limb
  • -thick ascending limb
  • distal convoluted tubule
A

renal tubule

25
Q
  • receive urine from several nephrons
  • plays an important role in conserving body fluids
  • posterior pituitary secrets ADH
  • -increases permeability of collecting ducts and distal convoluted tubules to water
A

collecting ducts of the renal tubule

26
Q

classes of nephron

A
  1. cortical nephrons

2. juxtamedullary nephrons

27
Q

85% of nephrons

A

cortical nephrons

28
Q

15% of nephrons

-contribute to kidneys ability to concentrate urine

A

juxtamdeullary nephrons

29
Q
  • carry urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder

- oblique entry into bladder prevents back flow of urine

A

ureters

30
Q

muscular of ureters

A
  1. inner longitudinal layer

2, outer circular layer

31
Q

adventitia of ureters

A

typical connective tissue

32
Q

transitional epithelium of the ureters

A

mucosa

33
Q
  • a collapsible muscular sac
  • stores and expels urine
  • -full bladder- spherical
  • –expands into abdominal cavity
  • empty bladder
    • lies entirely within the pelvis
A

urinary bladder

34
Q

closed remnant of the allantois

A

urachus

35
Q
  • in males
  • lies directly inferior to the bladder
  • surrounds the urethra
A

prostate

36
Q

urinary bladder composed of three layers

A
  1. mucosa - transitional epithelium
  2. thick muscular layer - detrusor
  3. fibrous adventitia
37
Q

epithelium of the urethra

A
  • transitional epithelium
  • -at proximal end (near bladder)
  • stratified and pseudo stratified columnar
    • mid urthra (in males)
  • stratified squamous epithelium
    • at the distal end (near urethral opening)
38
Q

involuntary smooth muscle in ureathra

A

internal urethral sphincter

39
Q
  • voluntarily inhibits urination

- relaxes when one urinates

A

external urethral sphincter

40
Q 
in females
-3-4 cm
in males
20cm in length 
3 regions 
1. prostatic urethra
2. intermediate part of urethra
3. spongy urethra
A

urethra sizes

41
Q

passes through the prostate gland in males

A

prostatic urethra

42
Q

through the urogenital diaphragm in males

A

intermediate part of urethra

43
Q

passes through the length of the penis

A

spongy urethra

44
Q
  • more common in females

- burning sensation during micturition

A

urinary tract infections

45
Q

kidney stones

A

renal calculi

46
Q

3% of cancers - more common in men

A

bladder cancer

47
Q

arises from epithelial cells of uriniferous tubules

A

kidney cancer

biology: human anatomy mortuary science (23 decks)

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