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biology: human anatomy mortuary science > Notes > Flashcards

Notes Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Study of the nervous system

A

Neurology

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2
Q
  1. uses millions of sensory receptors to monitor changes occurring both inside and outside the body.
  2. it processes and interprets the sensory input and makes decisions about what should be done at each moment
  3. it dictates a response by activating the effector organs, our muscles or glands.
A

3 overlapping functions

  1. Sensory input
  2. integration
  3. motor output
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3
Q

Cell body- central section, Dendrites- filament like extension that acts as receiving units of impulses (electrical or chemical), Axons -long filament extension that transmits the impulse then passes onto the next dendrite

A

Neurons- Specialized cell made up of 3 parts.

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4
Q

Small gap between axon and dendrite

A

synapse

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5
Q

non-nervous tissue that surrounds and supports neurons

A

neuroglia

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6
Q

chains of neurons and the surrounding neuroglia

A

Nerves

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7
Q
  1. a _____ is a nerve cell

2. a ______ is a collection of axons in the PNS

A
  1. neuron

2. nerve

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8
Q
  1. consists of brain and spinal cord (dorsal cavity)
  2. part of the nervous system outside the CNS, consists mainly of the nerves that extend from the brain and spinal cord. Nerves in PNS are ganglia (areas where the cell bodies of neurons are clustered)
A

2 anatomical parts

  1. Central nervous system
  2. peripheral nervous system
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9
Q

signals are picked up by sensory receptors located throughout the body and carried by nerve fibers of the PNS into the CNS. These nerves detect pain, pressure, heat, nd texture.

A

Sensory ; afferent

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10
Q

Signals are carried away from the CNS by nerve fibers of the PNS to innervate the muscles and glands, causing these organs either to contract or to secrete.

A

Motor ; efferent

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11
Q

Consists of the structures external to the ventral body cavity - (skin, skeletal musculature, bones, etc.)

A

Somatic body region

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12
Q

mostly contains the viscera within the ventral body cavity; (digestive tube, lungs, heart, bladder, etc)

A

Visceral body region

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13
Q
    • senses from skin
    • kicking knee reflex
    • stretched stomach, senses from inside organs
    • heart beating, lungs and diaphragm, digestive movement
A

4 subdivisions of 2 regions for the nervous system

  1. Somatic sensory
  2. Somatic motor
  3. visceral sensory
  4. visceral motor
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14
Q

-also called “encephalon” ; outward appearance is wrinkled, combination of elevations and furrows

A

Brain

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15
Q

The elevations of the brain

A

gyri

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16
Q

The furrows of the brain

A

Sulci

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17
Q

name used to describe the outer portion of the brain because of its color.
-intellectual activity mostly resides here

A

gray matter

18
Q

inner portion of the brain.

- reflex and instinctual behaviors arise here.

A

white matter

19
Q

Right/left Lateral (Atrium) (upper) ; Right/left ventricle (lower)

A

4 open spaces inside the brain

20
Q

Membranes that surrounds the CNS ; made up of 3 layers

A

Meninges

21
Q

Outer most layer of the meninges

A

Dura mater

22
Q

between the dura and Pia layers that is filled with cerebrospinal fluid. Acts as shock absorber for the brain and spine.

A

Subarachnoid space

23
Q

Inner most layer of the meninges

A

Pia Mater

24
Q

Cerebrum, cerebellum, and brain stem

A

3 subdivisions of the brain

25
Q

largest portion of the brain. logic, reasoning and memory are ongoing functions here. 2 equal portions called hemispheres.

A

Cerebrum

26
Q

Long medial fissure that separates the two hemispheres

A

longitudinal fissure

27
Q

area near the floor of the cranial cavity where the two hemispheres are held together

A

corpus callosum

28
Q

named for their proximity to cranial bones. Defined by smaller fissures.
Frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal

A

Four lobes of the cerebrum

29
Q

Smallest portion of the brain. posterior and inferior part of the cranial cavity. Also divided by left and right hemispheres but no more subdivisions. Muscle coordination and balances comes from here.

A

Cerebellum

30
Q

Most inferior part of the brain, below cerebrum and anterior to the cerebellum. Acts as relay center for impulses between brain and spinal cord. 3 important areas ______ controls ; respiration, heart rate, blood pressure.

A

Brain stem

31
Q

Midbrain, pons varolii, and medulla oblongata

A

Brain stem’s 3 segments

32
Q

center area of the brain. Divided into 2 sections; thalamus and hypothalamus

A

Diencephalon

33
Q

Under the cerebrum and associated with the 3rd ventricle. thought to be related to special sense impulses (hearing, sight, touch, taste, pain)

A

thalamus

34
Q

between thalamus and mid-brain. Small but important area. associated with pituitary gland, and regulation of horomones. Diuretic effect, body temp, circadian rhythms, and appetite.

A

hypothalamus

35
Q

Attached to inferior end of brain stem and stays within the vertebral canal. “solid” portion extends from the foramen magnum of the occipital bone to near the second lumbar vertebra.

A

spinal cord

36
Q

the end of the second lumbar to the coccyx is non-nervous tissue, essential Pia mater

A

film terminal

37
Q
  1. In spinal cord, _____ matter makes up outside of cord.

2. In spinal cord, ____ matter forms “H” shape at the center of the cord.

A
  1. White

2. Gray

38
Q

2 groups of nerves in the PNS

A
  1. Spinal nerves

2. cranial nerves

39
Q

5 groups of spinal nerves in the PNS

A
  1. Cervical-brachial plexus
  2. thoracic plexus
  3. lumbar plexus
  4. sacral plexus
  5. coccygeal
40
Q

Horsetail appearance of the nerves in the spinal cord

A

cauda equine

41
Q
  1. olfactory - some
  2. optic - say
  3. ocolumotor - marry
  4. trochlear - money
  5. trigeminal - but
  6. abducens - my
  7. facial - brother
  8. vestibulocochlear - says
  9. Glossopharyngeal - bad
  10. vagus - business
  11. spinal accessory - marry
  12. hypoglossal - money
A

12 cranial nerves

biology: human anatomy mortuary science (23 decks)

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