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biology: human anatomy mortuary science > lecture 10 skeletal muscle tissue > Flashcards

lecture 10 skeletal muscle tissue Flashcards

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1
Q

primary tissue in

heart, walls of hollow organs and skeletal

A

muscle

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2
Q

my-filaments are responsible for shortening of muscle cells

-actin and myosin are two type of myofilaments

A

contractility

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3
Q

nerve signals excite muscle cells, causing electrical impulses to travel along the sarcolemma

A

excitability

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4
Q
  • contraction of a skeletal muscle stretches the opposing muscle
  • smooth muscle is stretched by substances within that hollow organ
A

extensibility

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5
Q

recoils after being stretched

A

elasticity

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6
Q

plasma membrane of muscle cells

A

sarcolemma

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7
Q

cytoplasm of muscle cells

A

sarcoplasm

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8
Q

attached to skeleton

-moves body by moving the bones

A

skeletal muscle

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9
Q

squeezes fluids and other substances through hollow organs

A

smooth muscle

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10
Q

function as valves

  • open to allow passage of a substance
  • contract to close the passageway
A

sphincters

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11
Q
  • enables the body to remain sitting or standing

- muscle tone helps stabilize many synovial joints

A

maintain posture and stabilize joints

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12
Q
  • muscle contractions produce heat

- helps maintain normal body temperature

A

heat generation

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13
Q
  • packaged into skeletal muscles
  • makes up 40% of body weight
  • cells are striated
A

skeletal muscle tissue

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14
Q
  • occurs only in the walls of the heart
  • straited
  • involuntary
A

cardiac muscle tissue

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15
Q
  • occupies the walls of hollow organs
  • lack striations
  • involuntary
A

smooth muscle tissue

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16
Q

dense regular connective tissue surrounding entire muscle

A

epimysium

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17
Q

surrounds each fascicle

A

perimysium

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18
Q

group of muscle fibers

A

fascicle

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19
Q

a fine sheath of connective tissue wrapping each muscle cell

A

endomysium

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20
Q

-most skeletal muscles run from one bone to another

A

muscle attachments

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21
Q

less movable attachment

A

origin

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22
Q

more movable attachment

A

insertion

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23
Q

CT fibers are short

A

fleshy attachments

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24
Q

CT forms a tendon or aponeurosis

A

indirect attachements

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25
Q

bone markings present where tendons meet bones

A

tubercles, trochanters, and crests

26
Q
  • fibers are long cylindrical
  • huge cells
  • several centimeters
  • each cell formed by fusion of embryonic cells
  • multinucleate
A

skeletal muscle fiber

27
Q
  • long rods within cytoplasm

- make up 80% of cytoplasm

A

myofibrils

28
Q

long row of repeating segments

A

sarcomeres

29
Q

boundaries of each sarcomere

A

z disc (line)

30
Q

extend from Z disc toward center of sercomere

A

thin actin filaments

31
Q

located in the center of the sarcomere

  • overlap inner ends of the thin filaments
  • contain ATP enzymes
A

thick (myosin) filaments

32
Q
  • full length of the thick filament

- includes inner end of thin filaments

A

A bands

33
Q

center part of A band where no thin filaments occur

A

H zone

34
Q

A and I bands refract polarized light differently

A

A bands ; anisotropic

I bands ; isotropic

35
Q
  • in center of H zone

- contains tiny rods that hold thick filaments together

A

M line

36
Q
  • region with only thin filaments

- lies within two adjacent sarcomeres

A

I Band

37
Q
  • springlike molecule that resists overstretching

- extend from z disc to thick filaments to M line

A

Titin

38
Q

A specialized smooth ER

-interconecting tubules surround each myofibril

A

sarcoplasmic reticulum

39
Q

some tubules form cross-channels

A

terminal cisterns

40
Q

released when muscle is stimulated to contract

A

calcium ions

41
Q

deep invaginations of sarcolemma

A

t tubules

42
Q

t tubule flanked by two terminal cisterns

A

triad

43
Q

2 major types of contractions

A

concentric contraction

eccentric contraction

44
Q

muscle shortens to do work

A

concentric contraction

45
Q

muscle generates force as it lengthens

A

eccentric contraction

46
Q

-muscle is stretched by a movement opposite that which contracts it

A

muscle extension

47
Q

-point where nerve ending and muscle fiber meet

A

neuromuscular junction

48
Q

located at ends of axons

-stores neurotransmitters

A

terminal boutons

49
Q

space between axon terminal and sarcolemma

A

synaptic cleft

50
Q

produce ATP aerobically

A

oxidative fibers

51
Q

produce ATP anaerobically by glycolysis

A

Glycolytic fibers

52
Q

skeletal muscle fibers divided into 3 classes

A
  1. slow oxidative fibers
  2. fast glycolytic fibers
  3. fast oxidative fibers
53
Q
  • red slow oxidative fibers
  • obtain energy from aerobic metabolic reactions
  • contain large number of mitochondria
  • contract slow and resistant to fatigue
A

slow oxidative fibers

54
Q

white fast glycolytic fibers

-contract rapidly and tire quickly

A

fast glycolytic fibers

55
Q

intermediate fibers

  • contract quickly
  • fatigue resistant
A

fast oxidative fibers

56
Q

-group of inherited muscle destroying disease
-affected muscles enlarge with fat and connective tissue
-muscles degenerate
-types ;
ducheene muscular dystrophy
myotonic dystrophy

A

muscular dystrophy

57
Q

pain caused by tightened bands of muscle fibers

A

myofascial pain syndrome

58
Q
  • mysterious chronic-pain syndrome
  • affects mostly women
  • symptons ; fatigue, sleep abnormalities, severe musculoskeletal pain, and headache
A

fibromyalgia

59
Q

muscle tissue develops from

A

myoblasts

60
Q

muscle wasting

A

sarcopenia

biology: human anatomy mortuary science (23 decks)

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