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biology: human anatomy mortuary science > lecture 9 ; joints > Flashcards

lecture 9 ; joints Flashcards

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1
Q
  • rigid elements of the skeleton meet at joints or articulations
  • structure; enables resistance to crushing, tearing and other forces
A

joints

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2
Q

joints classified as function

A
  1. synarthroses
  2. amphiarthroses
  3. diarthroses
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3
Q

immovable ; common in axial skeleton

A

synarthroses

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4
Q

slightly movable; common in axial skeleton

A

amphiarthroses

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5
Q

freely moveable ; common in appendicular skeleton

A

diarthroses

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6
Q

joints classify as structural

A
  1. fibrous
  2. cartilaginous
  3. synovial
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7
Q
  • bones connected by fibrous connective tissue
  • no joint cavity
  • most immovable or slightly movable
  • types; sutures, syndesmoses, gomphoses
A

fibrous joints

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8
Q
  • bones are tightly bound by a minimal amount of fibrous tissue
  • occur between bones of the skull
  • allow bone growth so skull can expand during childhood
A

sutures

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9
Q
  • closed sutures

- bones connected exclusively by ligaments

A

synostoses

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10
Q

immovable synarthrosis

A

tibiofibular joint

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11
Q
  • tooth in a socket

- connecting ligament ; periodontal ligament

A

gomphoses

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12
Q

-bones are united by cartilage
-lack a joint cavity
two types ; synchondroses and symphyses

A

cartilaginous joints

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13
Q
  • hyaline cartilage unites bones
  • -epiphyseal plates
  • joints between first rib and manubrium
A

synchondroses

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14
Q
  • unites bones; resists tension and compression
  • slightly movable joints that provide strength with flexibility
  • -intervertebral discs
  • pubic symphysis
A

fibrocartilage

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15
Q

present as articular cartilage

A

hyaline cartilage

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16
Q
  • ends of opposing bones are covered with hyaline cartilage

- absorbs compression

A

articular cartilage

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17
Q
  • unique to synovial joints

- cavity is a potential space that holds a small amount of synovial fluid

A

joint cavity

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18
Q

joint cavity is enclosed in a two-layered capsule

A

articular capsule

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19
Q

dense irregular connective tissue, which strengthens joint

A

fibrous layer

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20
Q
  • loose connective tissue
  • lines joint capsule and covers internal joint surfaces
  • functions to make synovial fluid
A

synovial membrane

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21
Q

a viscous fluid similar to raw egg white.

  • filtrate of blood
  • arises from capillaries in synovial membrane
  • contains glycoprotein molecules secreted by fibroblasts
A

synovial fluid

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22
Q

pressure on joints squeeze synovial fluid into and out of articular cartilage

A

weeping lubrication

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23
Q
  • often are thickened parts of fibrous layer
  • sometimes are extra capsule ligaments ; located outside the capsule
  • sometimes in intracapsular ligaments ; located internal to the capsule
A

reinforcing ligaments

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24
Q
  • lubricating devices
  • friction could overheat and destroy joint tissue
  • subjected to compressive forces
  • fluid squeezed out as opposing cartilages touch
  • cartilages ride on slippery film
A

synovial joints

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25
Q
  • not synovial joints
  • closed bags of lubricant
  • reduce friction between body elements
A

bursae and tendon sheaths

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26
Q

a flattened fibrous sac lined by a synovial membrane

A

bursa

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27
Q

an elongated bursa that wraps around a tendon

A

tendon sheath

28
Q

3 movements allowed by synovial joints

A
  1. gliding
  2. angular movement
  3. rotation
29
Q

-one bone across the surface of another

A

gliding

30
Q

movements change the angles between bones

A

angular movement

31
Q
  • movement around a bones long axis
  • only movement allowed between atlas and axis vertebrae
  • occurs at the hip and shoulder joints
A

rotation

32
Q
  • flat surfaces of two bone slip across each other
  • occurs between ;
  • carpals
  • articular processes of vertebrae
  • tarsals
A

gliding joints

33
Q
  • increase or decrease angle between bones
  • movements involve;
  • flexion and extension
  • abduction adduction
  • circumduction
A

angular movements

34
Q

special movements

A
  • elevation
  • depression
  • protraction
  • retraction
  • supination
  • pronation
  • opposition
  • inversion
  • eversion
  • dorisflexion
  • plantar flexion
35
Q

lifting a body part superiorly

A

elevation

36
Q

moving the elevated part inferiorly

A

depression

37
Q

nonangular movement anteriorly

A

protraction

38
Q

nonangular movement posteriorly

A

retraction

39
Q

forearm rotates laterally, palm faces anteriorly

A

supination

40
Q

forearm rotates medially, palm faces posteriorly

-brings radius across the ulna

A

pronation

41
Q

thumb moves across the palm to touch the tips of other fingers

A

opposition

42
Q

-turns sole of foot medially

A

inversion

43
Q

turns sole of foot laterally

A

eversion

44
Q

-lifting the foot so its superior surface approaches the shin

A

dorsiflexion

45
Q

depressing the foot, elevating the heel

A

plantar flexion

46
Q

5 synovial joints classified by shape

A
  1. plane joint
  2. hinge joints
  3. pivot joints
  4. condylar joints
  5. saddle joints
  6. ball and socket joint
47
Q
  • articular surfaces are flat planes
  • short gliding movements are allowed
  • movements are nonaxial
A

plane joint

48
Q
  • cylindrical end of one bone fits into a trough on another bone
  • angular movement is allowed in one plane
  • elbow, ankle, and joints between phalanges
  • movement is uniaxial
A

hinge joints

49
Q

-classified as uniaxial ; rotating bone turns only around its long axis

A

pivot joints

50
Q
  • allow moving bone to travel
  • side by side - abduction/adduction
  • back and forth -flexion/extension
  • classified as biaxial ; movement occurs around two axes
A

condylar joints

51
Q
  • each articular surface has concave and convex surfaces
  • classified as biaxial joints
  • allows opposition of the thumb
A

saddle joints

52
Q
  • spherical head of one bone fits into round socket of another
  • classified as multiracial ; allows movements in all axes
  • shoulders and hips are examples
A

ball and socket joints

53
Q
  • shapes of articulating surfaces determine movements possible
  • seldom play major role in joint stability
A

articular surfaces

54
Q
  • prevent excessive motions

- on medial or inferior side of a joint

A

ligaments

55
Q
  • helps stabilize joints by keeping tensions on tendons
  • important in reinforcing ; shoulder and knee joints
  • supporting joints in arches of the foot
A

muscle tone

56
Q
  • saddle joint
  • four ligaments surround joint
  • performs multiple complex movements
  • anterior and posterior sternoclavicular ligaments
  • interclavicular ligament
  • costoclavicular ligament
A

sternclavicular joint

57
Q
  • modified hinge joint
  • head of the mandible articulates with the temporal bone
  • lateral excursion is a side to side movement
  • two surfaces of the articular disc allow; hingleike movement and gliding of superior surface anteriorly
A

temporomandibular joint

58
Q

common injury to meniscus of knee joint

A

torn cartilage

59
Q

ligaments of a reinforcing joint are stretched or torn

A

sprains

60
Q

occurs when the bones of a joint are forced out of alignment

A

dislocation

61
Q

inflammation of a bursa due to injury or friction

A

bursitis

62
Q

inflammation of a tendon sheath

A

tendonitis

63
Q

describes over 100 kinds of joint damaging diseases

A

arthritis

64
Q

most common type of wear and tear arthritis

A

osteoarthritis

65
Q

a chronic inflammatory disorder

A

rheumatoid arthritis

66
Q

uric acid buildup causes pain in joints

A

gouty arthritis

67
Q

inflammatory disease often resulting in joint pain

A

lyme disease

biology: human anatomy mortuary science (23 decks)

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