Endocrine System

Question 1

Greek for gland

Answer 1

adeno

Question 2

ductless glands that put product directly to the bloodstream

Answer 2

endocrine

Question 3

glands put products into ducts

Answer 3

exocrine

Question 4

both ducts and ductless

Answer 4

heterocrine

Question 5

chemical signal molecule that has powerful effect on the body

Answer 5

hormone

Question 6

changes in blood concentrations of something with cause gland to secrete hormones. Ex. Parathryroid monitoring calcium in blood. Secretes parathormone to increase adrenaline.

Answer 6

Humoral

Question 7

Nerve stimulates glands to release hormone. Ex. Hypothalamus stimulates pituitary gland.

Answer 7

hormonal

Question 8

pituitary glands, thyroid gland, parathyroid, adrenal

Answer 8

important glands

Question 9

located under the brain, connected to the hypothalamus . Called the “master gland” because it stimulates many other glands in the body.

• Somatotrophic hormone or growth hormone.
• gigantism or dwarfism
• follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, prolactin melanocyte stimulating hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone.

Answer 9

pituitary gland

Question 10

Anterior cervical region, just below the voice box.

-Secretes thyroxin and calcitonin. Thyroxin regulates metabolic rates of all cells.

Answer 10

thyroid gland

Question 11

synthetic thyroxin helps with hypothyroidism

Answer 11

synthroid

Question 12

decreases blood calcium

Answer 12

calcitonin

Question 13

embedded on the posterior surface of the thyroid. There are 4 in total. Secrete parathormone which causes bones to release more calcium.

Answer 13

parathyroid

Question 14

also called “suprarenal gland” (supra above, renal kidney) there are 2 layers ; outer layer called cortex and inner layer called medulla

Answer 14

adrenal

Question 15

1. zona glomerulosa
2. zona fasciculata
3. zona reticularis

Answer 15

Adrenal cortex has 3 zones

Question 16

produces mineralocorticoids; maintains proper levels for some minerals in bloodstream such as sodium (NA) and potassium (K)

Answer 16

zona glomerulosa

Question 17

secretes glucocorticoids such as cortisone and hydrocortisone. Maintains blood glucose and had anti-inflammatory effects.

Answer 17

zona fasciculata

Question 18

secretes gonadocorticoids; a weak sex hormone similar to testosterone.

Answer 18

zona reticularis

Question 19

produces adrenaline (or epinephrine) ; hyper charge the system

Answer 19

adrenal medulla

Question 20

“sexual dimorphism” ; considered heterocrine; producing cells and hormones.

Answer 20

Gonads

Question 21

Gonads in females;

• This produces estrogen and progesterone.
• estrogen helps in development of female sex characteristics and regulating menstrual cycle. Progesterone regulates menstrual cycle and prepares uterus for pregnancy. Produces the egg.

Answer 21

Ovaries

Question 22

Gonads in males;

• Produce testosterone.
• Develops male sex characteristics and helps develop spermatozoa.
• produces spermatozoa.

Answer 22

Testes.

Question 23

Organ located near the stomach. Considered a heterocrine gland. Produces pancreatic juices that help in digestion. Secrete insulin and glucogon.

Answer 23

Pancreas

Question 24

Reduces blood sugar

Answer 24

insulin

Question 25

increases blood sugar

Answer 25

glucogon

Question 26

located behind the manubrium of the sternum. related to immune system

Answer 26

thymus

Question 27

secretes melatonin ; maintains circadian rhythm.

Answer 27

pineal gland