reproductive system Flashcards
testes located within the scrotum
male reproductive system
- skin and superficial fascia surrounding the testes
- positioning proves an environment 3 C cooler than body temperature
scrotum
-are enclosed in a serous sac
tunica vaginalis
fibrous capsule of the testees
- divides each testes into 25-300 lobules
- lobules contain 1-4 coiled seminiferous tubules
tunica albuginea
- comma shaped structure on posterior testis
- duct is 6m long
- dominated by pseudo stratified columnar epithelium
- bears tufts of stereo cilia- immotile, long microvilli
- 20 day journey for sperm to move through
-epididymis
gain the ability to swim and to fertilize an egg
acrosomal reaction
- stores and transports sperm
- histology
- pseudostratified columnar
- thick muscularis
- adventitia
the ductus deferent
contains
- ductus deferens
- testicular blood vessels
- nerves
- superior portion of DD
- runs through inguinal canal
spermatic cord
- carries sperm from ejaculatory ducts to “outside”
- 3 parts of male urethra
1. prostat urethra
2. intermediate part
3. spongy urethra
urethra of males
- lie on the posterior surface of the urinary bladder
- secrete 60% of the volume of semen
- fluid contains
- -fructose to nourish sperm
- -substances to enhance sperm motility
- -prostaglandins
- -substances that suppress immune response against semen
- -enzymes that clot and then liquefy semen
seminal glands
-encircles the prostatic urethra
-consists of 20-30 compound tubuloalveolar glands
-secretes 25-30% of seminal fluid
-contains;
substances that enhance sperm motility
enzymes that clot and then liquefy semen
prostate
- pea sized glands inferior to the prostate gland
- produces a mucus
- -mucus enters spongy urethra prior to ejactulation
- neutralizes traces of acidic urine
- lubricates urethra
bulbs-urethral glands
- shaft
- glans penis- distal expanded end
- prepuce- foreskin
- -removed during circumsion
external anatomy of penis
3 erectile bodies
1 corpus spongiosum
2 corpora cavernosa
internal anatomy of the penis
surrounds spongy urethra of the internal anatomy of the penis there’s 1
corpus spongiosum
2 sinuses; make up most of the penis internal anatomy of the penis
corpora cavernosa
-produces gametes (ova)
-prepares to support a developing embryo
-undergoes changes according to the menstural cycle
includes ovaries, uterine tubes, and vagina
female reproductive system
monthly cycle as it affects all female reproductive organs
menstural cycle
- small, almond shaped organs
- -produces ova
- held in place by ligaments and mesenteries
- -broad ligament
- -suspensory ligament
- -ovarian ligament
- ovarian arteriers
the ovaries
arterial supply
-innervated by both divisions of the ANS
ovarian arteries
- fibrous capsule of the ovary
- covered in simple columnar epithelium
tunica albuginea
houses developing oocytes
ovarian cortex
multicellular sacs housing oocytes
follicles
loose connective tissue
-contains blood vessels, lymph vessels, and nerves
ovarian medulla
- receive ovulated oocyte
- parts ;
1. infundibulum
2. ampulla
3. isthmus
the uterine tubes
distal end of uterine tube
-surrounded by fimbriae
infundibulum
middle third of uterine tube
-usualy site of fertilization
ampulla
medial third of uterine tube
isthmus
- lies anterior to rectum-posterior to bladder
- anteverted
- fundus
- cervix
- cervical canal
- internal os
- external os
anatomy of the uterus
usual position of uterus
anteverted
rounded superior portion
fundus
neck of uterus
cervix
opening connecting with uterine cavity
internal os
inferior opening of cervix
external os
composed of:
- perimetrium
- myometirum
- endometirum
uterine wall
serous layer; is the peritoneum
female reproductive system
perimetrium
interlacing bundles of smooth muscle
-contracts during childbirth
myometrium
mucosal lining of uterine cavity
endometrium
-due to hormonal fluctuations in ovaries and uterus
monthly menstrual cycle
stimulates production of ovarian follicles and oocytes
ovarian cycle
prepares uterine wall for implantation
uterine cycle
3 successive phases of female reproductive system
- follicular phase
- ovulation
- luteal phase
- series of cyclic phases of endometrium
- phasses coordinate with the ovarian cycle
- endometrial phases directed by FSH and LH
uterine cycle
- menstrual phase - days 1-5
- proliferative phase- dys 6-14
- secretory phase days 15-28
phases of uterine cycle
vagina consists of 3 coats
- adventitia- fibrous connective tissue
- muscularis- smooth muscle
- mucosa- marked by transverse folds
an incomplete diaphragm
hymen
recess formed at the superior part of the vagina
fornix
- overlies the pubic symphysis
- pubic hair covers after puberty
mons pubis
- homologue of the male scrotom
- encloses the labia minor
labia majora
- space between the labia minora
- houses opening to urthra and vagina
vestibule
- anterior to vestibule
- is erectile tissue
- -homologous to the penis
clitoris
- anterior boundary- pubic arch
- posterior boundary- coccyx
- lateral boundaries - ischial tuberosities
female perineum
- modified sweat glands
- glandular structure ; undeveloped in nonpregnant women
- milk production; starts at or after childbirth
breasts
- affects 1 of 50k males
- commonly from early stage spermatogenic cells
- increase of 50% from 1974 to 1990
- cured in 95% of cases
testicular cancer
- slow growing
- -arises from peripheral glands
- risk factors;
- fatty diet
- genetic predisposition
prostate cancer
arises from cells in the germinal epithelium
ovarian cancer
arises from the endometrium of the uterus
endometrial cancer
- slow growing arises from epithelium at the tip of the cervix
- often caused by HPV
Cervical cancer
-second most common cause of cancer deaths in women
-97% of cases occur in women over 50
treatment;
-surgical removal of the mass (lumpectomy)
-radiation therapy
-administration of selected hormones
-chemotherapy
breast cancer
