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biology: human anatomy mortuary science > chapter 20 blood vessels > Flashcards

chapter 20 blood vessels Flashcards

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1
Q

3 major types of blood vessels

A

arteries, capillaries and veins

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2
Q

carry blood away from the heart

A

arteries

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3
Q

the smallest arteries

A

arterioles

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4
Q

smallest blood vessels

A

capillaries

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5
Q

receive blood from capillaries

A

venules

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6
Q

receive blood from venules

A

veins

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7
Q

structure of blood vessels

A
  • tunica intima
  • tunica media
  • tunica externa
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8
Q
  • innermost tunic

- contains endothelium

A

tunica intima

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9
Q
  • sheets of smooth muscle

- contraction (vasoconstriction) and relaxation (vasodilation)

A

tunica media

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10
Q

composed of connective tissue

-outermost tunic

A

tunica externa

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11
Q

central blood filled space of a vessel

A

lumen

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12
Q
  • largest arteries
  • range from 2.5cm to 1 cm
  • includes aorta and its major branches
  • sometimes called conducting arteries
  • high elastin content dampens surge of blood pressure
A

elastic arteries

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13
Q
  • lie distal to elastic arteries
  • ranges from 1cm to 0.3mm
  • unique features ; internal and external elastic laminae
A

muscular (distributing) arteries

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14
Q
  • smallest arteries

- ranges from 0.3mm to 10nm

A

arterioles

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15
Q

-smallest blood vessels
-ranges from 8-10nm
-site specific functions
lungs ; oxygen enters blood, CO leaves
-S. intestines ; receive digested nutrients
-kidneys ; remove N. waste

A

capillaries

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16
Q

-most common type of capillary
-occurs in most organs
-tight junctions and desmosomes join epithelial cells
includes intercellular cleft
-allows small molecules in and out of capillaries

A

continuous capillaries

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17
Q
  • joined by tight junctions and desmosomes
  • have pores in their endothelium
  • occur where high rates of exchange occur
  • intestines, glomeruli of kidneys and endocrine glands
A

fenestrated capillaries

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18
Q
  • wide Leakey capillaries found in some organs
  • usually fenestrated
  • intercellular clefts are wide open
  • occur in bone marrow and spleen
  • have a large diameter and twisted course
A

sinusoid capillary

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19
Q

4 routes into and out of capillaries

A
  • direct diffusion
  • through intercellular clefts
  • through cytoplasmic vesicles
  • through fenestrations
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20
Q
  • capillaries have complete tight junctions
  • no intercellular clefts are present
  • vital molecules pass through
  • not barrier against ; oxygen ,co2, anesthetics
A

blood brain barrier

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21
Q
  • network of capillaries running through tissues
  • regulate the flow of blood to tissues
  • tendons and ligaments poorly cascularized
  • epithelia and cartilage ; avasucular
A

precapillary sphincter

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22
Q

-conduct blood from capillaries toward the heart
-blood pressure is lower than in arteries
-smallest veins
venues join to form veins

A

venous vessels

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23
Q
  • structurally different from arteries
  • lumens are larger
  • 65% of blood in __ at any given time
  • tunica externa is thicker
  • less elastin in walls
  • walls are thinner than those of comparable arteries
A

veins

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24
Q
  • particularly in limbs
  • prevent back flow of blood
  • not located in veins of thoracic and abdominal cavities
A

valves

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25
Q

muscles press against thin walled veins

A

skeletal muscle pump

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26
Q

vessels interconnect to form

-organs receive blood from more than one arterial source

A

vascular anastomoses

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27
Q

neighboring arteries from

-provide collateral channels

A

arterial anastomoses

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28
Q
  • leaves the right ventricle
  • divides into right and left pulmonary arteries
  • superior and inferior pulmonary veins
  • -carry oxygenated blood into left atrium
  • thinner walls than systemic vessels
A

pulmonary trunk

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29
Q

largest artery in the body

A

aorta

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30
Q

arises from the left ventricle

-branches coronary arteries

A

ascending aorta

31
Q

lies posterior to the manubrium

  • branches;
  • brachiocephalic trunk
  • left common carotid
  • left subclavian arteries
A

aortic arch

32
Q

continues from aortic arch

-divides into left and right common iliac arteries

A

descending aorta

33
Q

in the region of t5-t12 aorta

A

thoracic aorta

34
Q

ends at l4 aorta

A

abdominal aorta

35
Q

Pairs of arteries supplying head and neck

  • branches of subclavian arteries
  • vertebral arteries
  • throcervical trunk
  • costocervical trunk
  • located in anterior triangle of the neck
  • branches out
  • external/internal carotid artery
A

carotid arteries

36
Q

external carotid artery branches

A
  • superior thyroid artery
  • lingual artery
  • facial artery
  • occipital artery
  • posterior auricular artery
  • superficial temporal artery
  • maxillary artery
37
Q

internal carotid artery branches

A
  • ophthalmic artery
  • anterior cerebral artery
  • anterior communicating artery
  • -forms part of the circle of will
  • middle cerebral artery
38
Q

right ; originates from brachiocephalic trunk

left; arises as third branch from aortic arch

A

subclavian arteries

39
Q
  • supply posterior brain

- join to form basilar artery

A

vertebral arteries

40
Q

divides into two posterior cerebral arteries

  • posterior communicating arteries
  • connect posterior cerebral arteries to middle cerebral arteries
A

basilar artery

41
Q
  • sends two branches posteriorly over scapulae

- sends one branch anteriorly to the inferior part of the thyroid gland

A

thyrocervical trunk

42
Q
  • sends a branch superiorly to deep muscles of the neck

- sends a branch inferiorly to intercostal spaces

A

costocervical trunk

43
Q

supply anterior thoracic walls

A

internal thoracic arteries

44
Q

branches of internal thoracic arteries

A

anterior intercostal arteries

45
Q

inferior nine pairs arise form thoracic aorta

A

posterior intercostal arteries

46
Q

-enters the axilla after leaving the clavicle/scapulae region

A

subclavian artery

47
Q

axillary artery becomes __ at the inferior border of teres major

A

brachial artery

48
Q

brachial artery divides into 2 arteries

A
  1. radial artery

2. ulnar artery

49
Q

arteries of the abdominal aorta

A
  • inferior phrenic arteries
  • celiac trunk
  • superior mesenteric artery
  • suprarenal arteries
  • renal arteries
  • gonadal arteries
  • inferior mesenteric artery
  • common iliac arteries
50
Q

arteries of the pelvis and lower limbs

A
  • internal iliac arteries
  • external iliac artery
  • femoral artery
  • popliteal artery
  • anterior tibial artery
  • posterior tibial artery
51
Q

returns blood from body regions superior to the diaphragm

A

superior vena cava

52
Q

returns blood from body regions inferior to the diaphragm

A

inferior vena cava

53
Q

joins the right atrium

A

superior and inferior vena cava

54
Q

dural sinuses

A
  • superior and inferior sagitall sinuses
  • straight sinus
  • transverse sinuses
  • sigmoid sinus
55
Q
  • drains blood from brain
  • superiorly it lies lateral to the internal carotid artery
  • inferiorly it lies lateral to the common carotid artery
A

internal jugular veins

56
Q
  • tributaries drain scalp

- empty into subclavian vein

A

external jugular veins

57
Q

veins of the thorax

A
  • azygos vein
  • hemiazygos vein
  • accessory hemiazygos vein
58
Q
  • follow the paths of companion arteries

- have the same names as the companion arteries

A

deep veins

59
Q
  • visibile beneath the skin
  • cephalic vein
  • basilic vein
  • median cubital vein
  • median vein of the forearm
A

superficial veins

60
Q

used to obtain blood or administer IV fluids

A

median cubital veins

61
Q

veins of the abdomen

A
  • lumbar veins
  • gonadal veins
  • renal veins
  • suprarenal veins
  • hepatic veins
62
Q
  • specialized part of the vascular circuit
  • picks up digested nutrients
  • delievers nutrients to the liver for processing
  • two capillary beds
A

hepatic portal system

63
Q

3 parts of hepatic portal veins

A
  1. superior mesenteric vein
  2. splenic vein
  3. inferior mesenteric vein
64
Q
  • leads to blockage of liver sinusoids
  • raises blood pressure in hepatic portal system and leads to portal hypertension
  • portal hypertension leads to emergency anastomoses for portal blood
A

portal systemic anastomoses

65
Q

shares the name of the accompanying artery

A

deep veins

66
Q

Great saphenous vein

Small saphenous vein

A

superficial veins

67
Q

empties into the femoral vein

A

great saphenous vein

68
Q

empties into the popliteal vein

A

small saphenous vein

69
Q

disorders of blood vessels

A
  • aneurysm
  • deep vein thrombosis of the lower limb
  • venous disease
  • microangiopathy of diabetes
  • arteriovenous malformation
70
Q
  • all major vessels in place by month 3 of development
  • fetus supplies blood to the placenta
  • very little blood is sent through the pulmonary circuit
A

fetal circulation

71
Q

umbilical vessels run in the umbilical cord

A

paired umbilical arteries

unpaired umbilical vein

72
Q

shunts away from the pulmonary circuit

A
  • foramen ovale

- ductus arteriosus

73
Q
  • begins in youth

- consequences evident in middle to old age

A

atherosclerosis

biology: human anatomy mortuary science (23 decks)

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