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biology: human anatomy mortuary science > lecture 8 appendicular skeleton > Flashcards

lecture 8 appendicular skeleton Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

2 parts of the appendicular skeleton

A
  1. pectoral girdle

2. pelvic girdle

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2
Q
  • attaches the upper limbs to the trunk
  • consists of clavicle and scapula
  • dont encircle the body completely
  • provides attachment for many muscles that move upper limb
  • scapula moves freely
  • clavicle articulates with axial skeleton
A

pectoral girdle

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3
Q
  • attaches lower limp to the trunk
  • supports visceral organs
  • attaches to axial skeleton by strong ligaments
  • acetabulum
  • consists of paired hip bones
A

pelvic girdle

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4
Q

sternal end of clavicle articulates with

A

manubrium

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5
Q

acromial end of clavicle articulates with the

A

scapula

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6
Q
  • provides attachment for muscles
  • holds the scapulae and arms laterally
  • transmit compression forces from the upper limbs to axial skeleton
A

clavicles

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7
Q
  • lie on dorsal surface of the rib cage
  • located between 2-7 ribs
  • 3 borders ; superior, medial, and lateral
  • 3 angles ; lateral, superior, and inferior
A

scapulae

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8
Q
  • 30 bones from each upper limb

1. grouped into 3 sections

A

upper limbs

  1. arm, forearm and hand
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9
Q

-region of upper limb between the shoulder and elbow

A

arm

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10
Q
  • only bone of the arm
  • longest and strongest bone of upper limb
  • articulates with scapula at the shoulder
  • articulates with the radius and ulna at the elbow
A

humerus

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11
Q
  • formed by radius and ulna
  • proximal ends articulate with the humerus
  • distal ends articulate with carpals
A

forearm

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12
Q

interconnects radius and ulna

A

interosseous membrane

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13
Q

radius is lateral and ulna is medial

A

in anatomical position

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14
Q
  • main bone responsible for forming the elbow joint with the humerus
  • hinge joint allows forearm to bend on arm
  • plays little to no role in hand movement
A

ulna

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15
Q

major landmarks of the ulna

A
  • olecranon
  • radial notch
  • trochlear notch
  • coronoid process
  • ulnar styloid process
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16
Q
  • superior surface of the head of the radius articulates with capitulum
  • medially the head of the radius articulates with the radial notch of the ulna
  • contributes heavily to the wrist joint
A

radius

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17
Q

major landmarks of the radius

A

radial tuberosity and radial styloid process

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18
Q

bones of the hand

  1. wrist
  2. palm
  3. fingers
A
  1. carpus
  2. metacarpals
  3. phalanges
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19
Q
  • forms the true wrist
  • proximal region of the hand
  • gliding movements occur between carpals
  • composed of 8 marble- sized bones
A

carpus

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20
Q

8 bones of the carpus

-arranged in two irregular rows

A

Scaphoid, lunate, triquetral, pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, and hamate

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21
Q

Sally left the party to take carmen home

A

Scaphoid, lunate, triquetral, pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, and hamate

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22
Q

a deep cut that holds the head of the femur

  • lower limbs have less freedom of movement
  • more stable than the arm
A

acetabulum

23
Q

pelvic girdle consists of 3 separate bones

A

ilium, ischium, and pubis

24
Q
  • long flaring bone
  • forms the superior region of the coal bone
  • site of attachment for many muscles
  • articulation with the sacrum forms sacroiliac joint
A

ilium

25
Q
  • forms posteroinferior region of the coal bone

- anteriorly joins the pubis

A

ischium

26
Q

strongest part of the hip bone

A

ischial tuberosities

27
Q

-forms the anterior region of the coal bone
-lies horizontally in anatomical position
-pubic symphysis
-joined by fibrocartilage in the middle
-pubic arch
angle helps distinguish male vs female

A

pubis

28
Q

inferior to the pubic symphysis

A

pubic arch

29
Q

bony pelvis divided into 2 regions

A
  • false pelvis

- true pelvis

30
Q

bounded by ale of the iliac bones

A

false pelvis

31
Q

inferior to pelvic brim

-forms a bowl containing the pelvic organs

A

true pelvis

32
Q
  • delineated by pelvic brim

- largest in diameter right to left

A

pelvic inlet

33
Q
  • inferior margin of true pelvis

- largest in diameter anteroposteriorly

A

pelvic outlet

34
Q
  • carries the entire weight of the erect body
  • bones of __ are thicker and stronger than those of upper limb
  • divided into 3 segments ; thigh, leg, foot
A

lower limb

35
Q

-region of lower limb between the hip and knee

A

thigh

36
Q

single bone of the thigh

  • longest and strongest bone of the body
  • ball shaped head of the femur articulates with acetabulum
A

femur

37
Q
  • embedded in the tendon that secures the quadricep muscles
  • protects knee anteriorly
  • improves leverage of thigh muscles across knee
A

sesamoid bone

38
Q
  • refers to the region of the lower limb between the knee and the ankle
  • composed the tibia and fibula
  • interosseous membrane
A

leg

39
Q
  • more massive medial bone of the leg

- receives weight of the body. from the femur

A

tibia

40
Q

sticklike lateral bone of the leg

A

fibula

41
Q

connects the tibia and fibula

A

interosseous membrane

42
Q

tibia articulates with femur at superior end and forms

A

knee joint

43
Q

tibia articulates with talus at the inferior end forms

A

the ankle joint

44
Q

fibula does not contribute to the knee joint

A

stabilizes the ankle joint

45
Q
  • composed of tarsus, metatarsus, and phalanges
  • important functions
  • supports body weight
  • acts as lever to propel body forward when walking
  • segmentation makes foot pliable and adapted to uneven ground
A

the foot

46
Q
  • makes up posterior half of foot
  • contains seven bones called tarsals
  • body weight is borne primarily by the talus and calcaneus
A

tarsus

47
Q

site of articulation with the tibia

A

trochlea of the talus

48
Q
  • consists of small bones (5) called metatarsals

- first ___ supports body weight

A

metatarsus

49
Q
  • 14

- similiar to structure of phalanges of fingers

A

phalanges of the toes

50
Q

3 important arches of the foot

A
  1. media longitudinal arch
  2. lateral longitudinal arch
  3. transverse arch
51
Q

“keystone” bones of arches

A

-talus and cuboid (medial and lateral ) longitudinal arch

52
Q

head of the femur slips out of acetabulum

A

hip dysplasia

53
Q

soles of the feet turn medially

A

clubfoot

biology: human anatomy mortuary science (23 decks)

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