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biology: human anatomy mortuary science > lecture 7 ; axial skeleton > Flashcards

lecture 7 ; axial skeleton Flashcards

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1
Q

another name for joints

A

articulations

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2
Q

how many bones in the body

A

206

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3
Q

subdivision of bones

A
  1. axial (80 bones)

2. appendicular (126 bones)

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4
Q
  • bodies most complex bony structure
  • formed by cranial and facial bones
  • -enclose and protect the brain
  • provide attachment sites for some muscles of the head and neck
A

the skull

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5
Q
  • formed framework of the face
  • form cavities for sense organs of sight, taste and smell
  • provide opening for passage of air and food
  • hold teeth in place
  • anchor muscles of the face
A

facial bones of the skull

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6
Q

cranium is divided into 2 parts

A

cranial vault and base

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7
Q

paired bones of the cranial bone includes

A

-temporal and parietal bones

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8
Q

unpaired bones the cranial bone includes

A

frontal, occipital,shpenoid, and ethmoid bones

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9
Q

4 sutures of the cranium

A
  1. coronal
  2. squamous
  3. sagittal
  4. lamboid
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10
Q

runs in the coronal plane

-located where parietal bones meet the frontal bone

A

coronal suture

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11
Q

occurs where each parietal bone meets a temporal bone inferiorly

A

squamous suture

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12
Q

occurs where right and left parietal bones meet superiorly

A

sagittal suture

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13
Q

occurs where the parietal bones meet the occipital bone posteriorly

A

lambdoid suture

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14
Q

smooth part of frontal bone between superciliary arches

A

glabella

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15
Q
  • site for neck muscle attachment

- contains air sinuses

A

mastoid process

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16
Q
  • projects medially, contributes to cranial base

- houses cavities of middle and internal ear

A

petrous part

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17
Q
  • keystone of the cranium
  • spans width of the cranial floor
  • resembles a bat with its winds spread
  • consists of body and 3 pairs of processes
A

sphenoid bone

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18
Q
  • lies between nasal and sphenoid bones

- forms most of the medial bony region between nasal cavity and orbits

A

ethmoid bones

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19
Q

4 parts of ethmoid bone

A
  1. cribriform plate
  2. crista galli
  3. perpendicular plate
  4. ethmoidal labyrinth
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20
Q

unpaired bones of the facial bone

A

-mandible and vomer

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21
Q

paired bones of the facial bone

A

-maxillae, zygomatic, nasal, lacrimal, palatine, inferior nasal conchae

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22
Q

-largest and strongest facial bone
-only moveable bone of the skull
2 parts ; horizontal body and two upright rami

A

mandible

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23
Q
  • keystone of the bones of the face
  • articulates with all other facial bones besides mandible
  • contains maxillary sinuses
A

maxillary bones

24
Q

special parts of the skull

A
  • nasal cavity
  • paranasal sinuses
  • orbits
  • hyoid bone
25
Q

air filled sinuses located within these parts of the facial/skull bones

  • lined with mucous membrane
  • lighten the skull
A

-frontal
-ethmoid
-sphenoid
-maxillary
bones

26
Q
  • lies inferior to the mandible
  • only bone with no articulation with any other bone
  • acts as a movable base for tongue
A

hyoid bone

27
Q
  • in adult, 26 bones formed
  • transmit weight of trunk to the lower limbs
  • surrounds and protects the spinal cord
  • serves as attachments site for muscles of neck and back
  • held in place by ligaments
A

the vertebral column

28
Q

vertebral column has 5 major regions

A
  • 7 cervical vertebrae
  • 12 thoracic vertebrae
  • 5 lumbar vertebrae
  • scrum 5 fused bones
  • coccyx
29
Q
  • cushion like pads between vertebrae
  • composed of
  • -nucleus pulposus
  • -anulus fibrosus
A

intervertebral discs

30
Q
  • gelatinous inner sphere

- absorbs compressive stresses

A

nucleus pulposus

31
Q
  • outer rings formed of ligament
  • inner rings formed of fibrocartilage
  • contains the nucleus pulposus
A

annulus fibrosus

32
Q

-types of movement that occur between vertebrae

A
  • flexion and extension
  • lateral flexion
  • rotation in the long axis
33
Q

-smallest and lightest vertebrae

A

cervical vertebrae

34
Q
  • c1 of the neck
  • lacks a body and spinous process
  • supports the skull
  • allows flexion and extension of neck
A

atlas

35
Q
  • has a body and spinous process
  • dens projects superiorly
  • acts as a pivot for rotation of the atlas and skull
  • participates in rotating the head from side to side
A

axis

36
Q
  • articulate with ribs
  • heart shaped bodies from the superior view
  • spinous process are long and point inferiorly
A

thoracic vertebrae

37
Q
  • bodies are thick and robust

- spinous process are thick and blunt point posteriorly

A

lumbar vertebrae

38
Q
  • shapes the posterior wall of pelvis
  • formed from 5 fused vertebrae
  • inferiorly articulates with coccyx
A

sacrum

39
Q

develops from fused rib elements

A

ala

40
Q

-where first sacral vertebrae bulges into pelvic cavity

A

sacral promontory

41
Q
  • tailbone
  • formed from 3-5 fused vertebrae
  • offers only slight support to pelvic organs
A

coccyx

42
Q
  • forms bony framework of the chest
  • components ;
  • thoracic vertebrae- posteriorly
  • ribs- laterally
  • sternum and costal cartilage- anteriorly
  • protects thoracic organs
  • supports shoulder girdle and upper limbs
  • provides attachment sites for many muscles of the back
A

thoracic cage

43
Q

formed in three sections;

  • manubrium
  • body
  • xiphoid process
A

sternum

44
Q

superior section of the sternum

-clavicular notches articulate with medial end of clavicles

A

manubrium

45
Q
  • bulk of sternum

- sides are notched at articulations for costal cartilage of ribs 2-7

A

body

46
Q
  • inferior end of sternum

- ossifies around age 40

A

xiphoid process

47
Q

anatomical landmarks for the sternum

A
  • jugular notch
  • sternal angle
  • xiphisternal joint
48
Q
  • superior seven pairs of ribs

- attach to sternum by costal cartilage

A

true ribs

49
Q

-inferior 5 pairs of ribs

A

false ribs

50
Q

ribs 11-12

A

floating ribs

51
Q
  • common congenital disorder

- right and left halves of palate fail to fuse medially

A

cleft palate

52
Q
  • narrowing of the vertebral canal

- can compress roots of spinal nerves

A

stenosis of the lumbar spine

53
Q

-abnormal lateral curvature

A

scoliosis

54
Q

an exaggerated thoracic curvature

A

kyphosis

55
Q

accentuated lumbar curvature “swayback”

A

lordosis

56
Q

unossified remnants of membranes

A

fontanelles

biology: human anatomy mortuary science (23 decks)

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