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biology: human anatomy mortuary science > lecture 6 bones and skeletal tissues > Flashcards

lecture 6 bones and skeletal tissues Flashcards

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1
Q

-found throughout the body

A

cartilage

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2
Q
  • surrounds cartilages
  • resists outward pressure
  • functions in growth and repair of cartilage
  • consists primarily of water
  • resilient tissue
  • springs back to original shape
A

perichondrium

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3
Q
  • all cartilages share some similarities
  • cell type is chondrocyte
  • chondrocytes are located within lacunae
  • matrix contains fibers and jelly like ground substance
A

characteristics of all types of cartilage

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4
Q
  • most abundant cartilage
  • chondrocytes appear spherical
  • collagen unit fibril is the only type of fiber in the matrix
  • ground substance holds a large amount of water
  • provides support through flexibility
A

hyaline cartilage

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5
Q
  • contains many elastic fibers
  • able to tolerate repeated bending
  • locations ;
  • epiglottis and cartilage of external ear
A

elastic cartilage

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6
Q
  • resists strong compression and strong tension
  • intermediate between hyaline and elastic cartilage
  • location ;
  • pubic symphysis, menisci of knee, annulus fibrosus
A

fibrocartilage

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7
Q

-chondroblasts in surround perichondrium produce new cartilage

A

appositional growth

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8
Q

chondrocytes within cartilage divide and secrete new matrix

A

interstitial growth

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9
Q
  • bones contain several types of tissues
  • dominated by bone connective
  • contains nervous and blood connective tissue
  • contains cartilage in articular cartilages
  • contatins epithelial tissue lining blood vessels
A

tissues in bone

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10
Q

provide hard framework for function of bones

A

support

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11
Q

skeletal muscles use bones as levers for function of bones

A

movement

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12
Q

underlying organs for function of bones

A

protection

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13
Q

reservoir for importnat minerals

A

mineral storage

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14
Q

bone contains red marrow

A

blood cell formation

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15
Q

osteoblasts secrete osteocalcin

A

energy metabolism

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16
Q
  • organic components
  • cells, fibers, and ground substance
  • inorganic components
  • mineral salts that invade bony matrix
A

bone tissue characteristics

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17
Q
  • unique composition of matrix
  • gives bone exceptional properties
  • 355 organic components
  • -contribute to flexibility and tensile strength
  • 65% inorganic components
  • provides exceptional hardness, resist compression
A

extracellular matrix

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18
Q

3 types of cells that produce or maintain bone

A
  1. osteogenic cells
  2. osteoblasts
  3. osteocytes
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19
Q

stem cells that differentiate into osteoblasts

A

osteogenic cells

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20
Q

actively produce and secrete bone matrix

A

osteoblasts

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21
Q

bone matrix called

A

osteoid

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22
Q

keep bone matrix healthy

A

osteocytes

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23
Q
  • found in bone tissue
  • responsible for resorption of bone
  • are derived from a line of white blood cells
  • secrete hydrochloric acid and lysosomal enzymes
A

osteoclasts

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24
Q

longer than wide ; a shaft plus ends

A

long bones

25
Q

roughly cube shaped bones

A

short bones

26
Q

thin and flattened; usually curved

A

flat bones

27
Q

various shapes; do not fit into other categories

A

irregular bones

28
Q

dense outer layer of bone

A

compact bone

29
Q

internal network of bone and trabeculae

A

spongy bone

30
Q

little beams of bone

-open spaces between trabeculae are filled with marrow

A

trabeculae

31
Q

shaft of a bone

A

diaphysis

32
Q

ends of a bone

A

epiphyses

33
Q

well vascularized

A

blood vessels

34
Q

hollow cavity filled with yellow marrow

A

medullary cavity

35
Q

periosteum, perforating collagen fiber bundles (sharpeys fibers) and endosteum

A

membranes

36
Q

3 broad categories of bone markings

A
  1. projections for muscle attachments
  2. surfaces that form joints
  3. depressions and opening
37
Q
  • cancellous bone of the skeleton is replaced every 3-4 years
  • compact bone replaced every 10 years
  • bone matrix and osteocytes are continually removed and replaced
A

bone remodeling

38
Q
  • accomplished by osteoblasts for bone remodeling

- osteoblasts lay down osteoid and the calcium salts crystallize in about a week.

A

bone deposition

39
Q
  • accomplished by osteoclasts for bone remodeling
  • osteoclasts are giant cells with many nuclei
  • take up dead osteocytes and collagen by phagocytosis.
A

bone resorption

40
Q
  • characterized by low bone mass
  • bone reabsorption outpaces bone deposition
  • occurs most often in women after menopause
A

osteoporosis

41
Q

-occurs in adults ; bones are inadequately mineralized

A

osteomalacia

42
Q

occurs in children ; analogous to osteomalacia

A

rickets

43
Q

-form of bone cancer

A

osteosarcoma

44
Q
  • skeleton grows until 18-21
  • in children ; bone formation exceeds rate of bone reabsorption
  • in young adults, bone formation and bone reabsorption are in balance
  • in old age; reabsorption predominates
  • bone mass declines with age
A

skeleton throughout life

45
Q

a membrane around the bone. has 2 layers ; superficial and deep

A

periosteum

46
Q

-dense irregular connective tissue to help resist tension

A

superficial layer

47
Q

is osteogenic makes osteoblasts and osteoclasts the site for bone remodeling

A

deep layer

48
Q

-connected or anchored to the bone by perforating collagen fiber bundles

A

sharpeys fibers

49
Q

inside the bone; covers the trabeculae and lines the central canals of the osteons.

A

endosteum

50
Q

also called “Haversian systems” ; long cylindrical structures that run parallel to the long axis of the bone.

A

osteon

51
Q

tubes inside tubes

A

lamella

52
Q

-also called Haversian canals; runs through center of each osteon, contains arteries, veins and nerves. lined with endosteum

A

central canal

53
Q

-also called “volksmanns canal” -makes right angles to the central canal.

A

perforating canal

54
Q

small tubes that connect to the lacunae that the osteocytes sit in

A

canaliculi

55
Q

leftover osteon that have cut apart by bone remodeling

A

interstitial lamellae

56
Q

occur on internal and external surface of the compact bone. extend over the entire circumference of the diaphysis

A

circumferential lamellae

57
Q

bones heal in 4 steps. reduction is the realignment of the bones. closed reduction is the coaxing of bone back into place. open reduction is using pins and wires to set the bones

A

bone fractures

58
Q

bone fracture steps

A
  1. hematoma formation
  2. fibrocartilaginous callus formation
  3. bony callus formation
  4. bone remodeling

biology: human anatomy mortuary science (23 decks)

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